葡萄废弃材料多酚物质的含量研究
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摘要
本文从温度、时间、溶剂选择和多酚氧化酶等影响葡萄植株多酚提取的主要因素方面研究多酚提取和分离方法,并对葡萄植株多酚粗提液进行分析及抗氧化试验,结果表明试验所用提取和分离方法可行,可以很好的保存其生物活性,适用于常规的试验研究。本研究得到以下结论:
    1、葡萄植株多酚提取和分离的工艺路线
    有机溶剂萃取法:利用多酚物质在不同溶剂中的溶解度不同,将多酚与其他物质分离的方法。基本的工艺路线:材料→前处理→酒精提取→氯仿萃取→乙酸乙酯萃取→减压蒸馏→含量测定。
    2、葡萄植株多酚含量的年变化
    在葡萄年生长期间,供试4个葡萄品种多酚含量均是新梢最高,且含量呈双S型变化,都有两个高峰;葡萄叶片内多酚含量呈现不明显的双S型变化,含量很低;卷须内多酚的含量基本不随季节变化,且含量最低。
    供试4个葡萄品种之间,新梢和卷须的多酚含量不存在显著性差异,而叶片中的多酚含量存在显著性差异。对各品种器官之间多酚含量进行方差分析,结果表明,新梢多酚含量与叶片和卷须的多酚含量存在极显著性差异。
    3、葡萄与葡萄酒中主要单体酚的HPLC分析
    对于葡萄与葡萄酒中的多酚物质的检测可采用VP-ODS C18柱,甲醇∶水为流动相,进样量为10μL,流速1mL/min,检测波长280nm,通过改变甲醇的浓度(0min,30%;15min,35%;25min,35%;25min,stop)能很好的分离(±)-儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮素和咖啡酸4种酚类物质,各单体酚浓度在7.8~1000mg/L范围内有很好的线性关系(R﹥0.99213)。混合样品中4种单体酚可同时检出的最小浓度为7.8mg/L。
    4、利用葡萄修剪枝条提取分离多酚的可行性
    近几年来,我国的葡萄与葡萄酒行业发展很快,葡萄栽培面积逐年增加。葡萄每年的修剪抛弃许多枝条(542Kg/亩),造成环境的污染和资源的大量浪费。经粗略计算,从1000亩葡萄园中收集修剪枝条,每年可生产多酚1.328吨。多酚物质是高效天然抗氧化剂,在日用化工、药物及食品添加剂等方面有着广泛的应用,本研究有助于实现葡萄多酚的工业化生产,对多酚应用的深度和广度具有推动作用。
In this paper, the extraction and separation methods of polyphenols in grapevines are studied based on influence factors, such as temperature, time, solvents, PPO and so on. The anti-oxidant activity of polyphenols extracted and separated by solvents from grapevines is approximate to general anti-oxidants, and this extraction and separation method can be generally used in study of polyphenols. And the results showed that:
    1. The extraction and separation methods of polyphenols in grapevine
    According to different solubilities in different solvents, polyphenols can be separated from other impurities. Its fundamental technology is: materials→ pre-treatments→ extraction by ethanol solution→ separation by chloroform and ethyl acetate→ distilled at lower pressure→content determination.
    2. The tendency of total polyphenols in grapevines around year
    The tendency of total polyphenols content in shoots is double “S”curve, which have two peaks, the same as the leaves, although the content is very lower than the shoots, while the content of total polyphenols in tendrils hardly changs around year, and the content is lowest.
    The results of variance analysis of total polyphenols content showed that there are significant difference among leaves of four selected vatieries,but no significant difference among shoots and tendrils.And there are highly significant difference among shoots, leaves, and tendrils of each variety.
    3. The HPLC analysis of monomer phenols in grapevine and wine
    Several phenols in grape and wine were determined by HPLC, using Zorbax ODS column and gradient elution of methanol as mobile phase and Uv detector (at 280nm). Catechin hydrate、rutin hydrate、quercetin and caffeic acid can be determined well by procedure 6 (B:methanol,0min,30%;15min,35%;25min,35%;25min,stop),there are a good linear relationship between the content of components and its peak area, with the correlation coefficients above 0.99213.The minimum content of four phenols is 7.8mg/L, which can be determined simultaneously.
    4. The feasibility analysis of extracting and separating monomer phenols from abandoned grape branches punched during summer
    With rapid development of wine industry in recent years, about 542 kg/mu grapevine branches were abandoned, which caused environmental pollution and resource waste. According brief statistics, about 1.328ton/1000mu polyphenols can be extracted. The technology of extracting and separating polyphenols from grapevines is feasible and easy to attend. Polyphenols are natural anti-oxidents, which can be used in medicines, food additives and chemical industry. The research is helpful to the industrial production of polyphenols of grapevine and will promote the deeper and wider application of grape polyphenols.
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