摘要
不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino)是人们广泛食用的蔬菜,在夏季栽培时需要采用遮阳网、防虫网、防雨棚等保护设施,工厂化立体栽培也已成为不结球白菜生产的发展趋势,但这些栽培方式会导致不结球白菜栽培的高湿和弱光环境。而弱光逆境给不结球白菜生长发育带来不利影响,特别是在湿度过高时影响更为严重。因此,不同的光照强度下应有不同的灌溉标准。
本试验分别以2个不结球白菜品种‘矮脚黄’和‘绿星’为试材,研究了温室内不同基质含水量和光照强度及其交互作用对不结球白菜生长发育、生理特性和光合特性的影响,旨在为温室不结球白菜栽培管理过程中的水分和光照管理提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下：
1.以不结球白菜品种‘矮脚黄’和‘绿星’为试材,设4个基质含水量(基质最大持水量的100%、80%、60%和40%)和3个光照水平(温室内全光照、温室内全光照的60%和30%),共12个处理组合,研究了基质含水量和光照强度及其交互作用对不结球白菜生长及品质的影响。结果表明：基质含水量和光照强度对两品种株高、叶片数、下胚轴、节间长度、干重、鲜重及本试验中四个品质指标均影响显著,二因素交互作用对两品种叶片数、干重、可溶性糖及‘矮脚黄’Vc含量影响显著,对其他指标影响均不显著。基质含水量过高引起植株徒长,光照弱时尤为严重；过低明显抑制植株生长。植株可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、Vc含量均随基质含水量降低而增加,随着光照强度减弱而减少；随基质含水量降低和光照强度减弱,硝酸盐含量均显著增加。在全光照和60%光照下,以基质含水量为最大持水量的80%时,最有利于不结球白菜的生长,30%光照下,应适当降低基质含水量。
2.以不结球白菜品种‘绿星’为试材,设3个基质含水量(基质最大持水量的100%、80%和40%)和3个光照水平(温室内全光照、温室内全光照的60%和30%),共9个处理组合,研究了基质含水量和光照强度及其交互作用对不结球白菜生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：基质含水量对不结球白菜叶片相对含水量、比叶面积、根系活力、丙二醛含量、质膜相对透性及SOD、POD、APX活性的影响均达显著水平,但对CAT活性影响不显著,光照强度对上述所有指标均影响显著,而二因素仅对根系活力存在显著的交互作用。叶片相对含水量和比叶面积随基质含水量降低而下降,随光照强度的降低而升高；基质含水量的变化对根系活力的影响因光照强度不同而不同,光照强度降低使根系活力下降。60%光照(L2)和30%光照(L3)下,基质含水量过高和过低均使丙二醛含量和质膜相对透性显著升高；在试验所设各光照强度下,基质含水量过高和过低均使SOD活性显著升高；在全光照(L1)和60%光照(L2)下,POD和APX活性均以80%基质含水量最低,30%光照(L3)下,POD和APX活性均以40%基质含水量显著高于其它水分处理。丙二醛含量、质膜相对透性、POD和APX活性随光照强度减弱而升高,SOD和CAT活性均随光照强度减弱而降低。
3.以不结球白菜品种‘绿星’为试材,设3个基质含水量(100%、80%和40%基质最大持水量)和3个光照水平(温室内全光照、温室内全光照的60%和30%),共9个处理组合,研究了基质含水量和光照强度及其交互作用对不结球白菜光合特性的影响。结果表明：基质含水量对叶绿素a/b以外的本试验中所有光合色素指标、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔限制值(Ls)及实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、表观光电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)的影响均达显著水平,对叶绿素a/b、初始荧光(Fo)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)影响不显著；光照强度对上述所有指标均影响显著,基质含水量和光照强度交互作用对Gs和Tr影响显著,对其他指标影响均不显著。其中,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量随基质含水量降低和光照强度的减弱而升高,叶绿素a/b随基质含水量改变无显著变化,但随光照强度减弱而下降。基质含水量过高和过低均显著降低不结球白菜叶片Pn、Gs和Tr；随光照强度降低,Pn、Gs、Tr和Ls降低,Ci升高。降低光照强度使Fo升高,Fv/Fm下降。ΦPSⅡ、ETR和qP均以全光照时80%基质含水量(W2)最高,NPQ不受基质含水量变化的影响。随光照强度减弱,ΦPSⅡ、ETR、qP显著降低,NPQ显著升高。与基质含水量相比,光照条件是影响不结球白菜光合作用的主要因素。
The non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) is in low light stress when shading net, insert proof net and canopy are adopted in protection facilities in summer and inductrial stereo cultivation in non-heading Chinese cabbage becoming more and more popular. These culture methods lead to an unstable irradiation environment to the growth and development of the non-heading Chinese cabbage, especially when the soil moisture was too high. So the amount of irrigation water should be various under different light intensity.
The non-heading Chinese cabbage variety'Aijiaohuang'and'Lvxing'were used as materials in order to study the interactive effects of substrate moisture and light intensity on the growth, devepment, physiological and photosynthetic characters.
1.Plant growth and quality were studied using the non-heading Chinese cabbage variety'Aijiaohuang'and'Lvxing'as materials in order to study the interactive effects of substrate moisture and light intensity.12 treatment combinations were supposed in this experiment, with 4 levels of water-holding capacity(100%,80%,60% and 40%) and 3 levels of light intensity(100%,70% and 40%). The results showed that substrate moisture and light intensity had significant effect on monrphology an growth indices, fresh and dry weight, as well as quality indices. The interaction of the two factors had significant effect on the leaf number, dry weight, content of soluble sugar, Vc content of'Aijiaohuang'.But the ineractiong had no significant influence on other indices. The excessive substrate moisture caused overgrowth, this phenomenon was more obvious under low light density. When the substrate moisture was too low, the plant growth was significantly inhibited. The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, Vc and nitrate increased with reduction of substrate moisture, while the content of the previous three decreased and nitrate increased with the decreasing light intensity. The non-heading Chinese cabbage plants grown better under the stronger illumination(100% and 60%) with 80% water-holding capacity of substrate, the same as 60% under the lower light intensity (30%).
2. The non-heading Chinese cabbage variety 'Lvxing' were used as materials in order to study the effects of substrate moisture and light intensity on physiological characters.9 treatment combinations were compared in this experiment, with 3 levels of water-holding capacity(100%,80% and 40%) and 3 levels of light intensity (100%,60% and 30%).The results showed that the substrate moisture had significant effect on RWC, SLA, root activity, MDA content,relative membrane permeability, SOD, POD, APX activity, but didn't affect CAT activity significantly. The light intensity had significant effect on all the indices above. The interaction of the two factors had significant effect on root activity. With the reduction of substrate moisture the RWC and SLA decreased, while root activity exhibited different trend under different light intensity. With the decreasing of light intensity, RWC and SLA were increased, root activity was decreased. Under every light intensity in this experiment, the plant exhibited a remarkable higher SOD activity at both extreme low or high substrate moisture, but substrate moisture did't affect the CAT activity. Under 60% and 30% light intensity both extreme low or high substrate moisture caused MDA content and relative membrane permeability dramatically increased. Under full light environment and 30% light intensity, POD and APX activity were the lowest when the substrate moisture is 80% water-holding capacity. With the decreasing of light intensity, MDA content, relative membrane permeability, POD and APX activity were increased, however SOD and CAT activity were decreased.
3.The non-heading Chinese cabbage variety'Lvxing' were used as test materials in order to study the effects of substrate moisture and light intensity on photosynthetic 1 characters.9 treatment combinations were setted in this experiment, with 3 levels of water-holding capacity(100%,80% and 40%) and 3 levels of light intensity (100%,60% and 30%).The results showed that substrate moisture had significant effect on all photosynthetic pigment indices except chla/b, Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci, Ls,ΦPSⅡ,ETR and qP. However, it didn't effect chla/b, Fo and Fv/Fm dramatically. The light intensity had significant effect on all the indices above. The interaction of the two factors had significant effect on. Gs and Tr, but didn't affect other indices significantly. With the decreasing of substrate moisture and light intensity, chla, chlb, chl(a+b)and car were increased, however chla/b decreased with the decreasing of light intensity. An extremely low or high substrate moisture could lead to the decrease of Pn, Gs and Tr.ΦOPSⅡ,ETR and qP were the highest when 80% water-holding capacity combined with 100% light density. The substrate moisture didn't effect Fo, Fv/Fm and NPQ. With the decreasing of light intensity, Pn, Gs, Tr, Ls, Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ,ETR and qP were decreased,however Ci, Fo, NPQ were increased. Compared with substrate moisture, light intensity was a more influential factor in the photosynthesis of the non-heading Chinese.
引文
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