摘要
本研究针对传统灌溉方式耗水量大,成本高,水资源浪费严重及现有滴灌设备成本高,操作不便,难于维修等诸多弊端,研究开发了适于目前广大农村生产实际的廉价、高效、易于操作的针式节水滴灌技术,并在多种果蔬上应用,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。研究结果如下:
1.针式节水滴灌系统由贮液桶、支架、阀门、主管道、上液口、下液口、支管及仿一次性输液器等组成,采取小单元灌水方式,应用方便灵活,革除了过滤器及许多管道装置,管道具有通用性,降低设备成本。有效解决了滴头阻塞问题,灌水精密准确。
2.针式节水滴灌技术可显著改善土壤理化性质,降低空气相对湿度下降,明显改善田间小气候,有利于作物对养分的吸收,减少枯萎病及灰霉病等发病率,为蔬菜生长提供了良好的环境条件。每生长季针式节水滴灌技术节水率达12.1%,综合经济效益提高11.68%。
3.针式节水滴灌技术能精确控制灌溉量和灌溉速度,能满足有机生态型无土栽培技术的需要。针式滴灌可比其它灌溉方法节约大量水源,同时可节约大量的人力、物力。该技术系统简单、拆装容易,设备单元小,大小规模均可使用,特别是对于稀植果树而言,是最佳选择。
4.针式节水滴灌技术比浸泡法和覆土法等更能满足食用菌栽培后期对水的需要,降低劳动强度,避免菌丝受损伤、受淹及缺水,且同时补充所需营养,供水均匀,明显改善产品商品性状,提高产量、产值,是一项成熟的技术。
针式节水滴灌使滴灌系统滴灌功能大幅度提高,创造了可观的直接经济效益和社会效益。“针式滴灌新技术”推广应用及开发前景极为广阔。
There were a lot of disadvantages in traditional irrigation ways, like the abuse of water, high cost of irrigation, hard operation and servicing. So the needle-mode save drip irrigation technology were empoldered. It has a lot of advantages, like low cost, high efficiency, and easy operation and servicing. Good economic and society benefit were acquired, after used in some fruit, vegetable and fungus.
1. The system of needle-mode saving drip irrigation technology was formed by liquid-store barrel, bracket, valve, conduit, liquid gobs, branch canal and imitate one-off transfusion implement. Small cell irrigation area was used in the system. Filter and a lot of conduit were abandoned. The conduit was currency. The cost was low. The back up of dripping caput was settled. The irrigation was exactitude and nicety.
2. After using the system, soil physic and chemic character was improved, relative humidity was declined, microclimate was ameliorated, disease and pest were fall, nutrition absorb of vegetable was high. The vegetable grow well. The saving water rate was 12.1%,the colligate economic benefit was elevated 11.68%, in every growth season.
3. The exactitude and nicety irrigation of the system was very satisfied for ecological sound organic soilless culture. The system can save water, labour force, and resource. It was also simple, easy to disassembly and build in. It was suit for every size using. For sparse fruit tree, it was the best select.
4. Needle-mode saving drip irrigation technology was better than drip in and earth up in posterior edible fungus culture. Labor intensity was reduced. Mycelial injury flood and water lack were avoid. Nutrition and water accommodation were equality. The yield and production value was evaluated. The technology was mature in using.
Needle-mode saving drip irrigation system evaluated the irrigation function, created well economic and society benefits. Its apply and
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