摘要
随着经济的高速发展,人民生活水平的迅速提高,各城市的工业企业大量兴起,汽车、摩托车的数量逐年递增,可吸入颗粒物的污染也有日益明显的趋势;其可吸入颗粒物主要来源于工业排放、汽车尾气排放和土壤扬尘等过程,为此对大气环境可吸入颗粒物污染来源解析研究是近十多年来国内外大气颗粒物研究领域的重要内容之一。我国大气中的粒子浓度普遍较高,特别是可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)在区域特定的大气环境过程的影响下,能形成大范围的污染。因此,加强可吸入颗粒物研究工作的力度,不但有很强的现实指导意义,同时也有很高的科学研究价值。
本论文选择Al作为燃煤烟尘的标识元素,Fe作为钢铁冶金尘的标识元素,Ca作为建筑材料尘的标识元素,Ti作为土壤尘的标识元素,Pb作为机动车尾气尘的标识元素。通过对2007年7月和2007年8月采集的大气颗粒物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5))样品进行颗粒物质量浓度的测定,分析了其中无机元素的含量,利用化学质量平衡法模型(CMB)对颗粒物的来源进行了解析,定量说明了可吸入颗粒物的来源以及源对环境的贡献,以实现有效防止尘污染的目的。
研究结果表明,南昌市城区大气颗粒物PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)污染源主要是土壤尘、燃煤尘、机动车尾气尘、建筑尘和冶金尘。
With the high development of economy and people standard of living, a lot of industries and enterprises are rising in each city, the quality of automobile and autocycle are increasing year by year, so inhalable particulate pollution is worse; it mainly comes from dindusty and automobile exhaust and soil dust etc, so the apportionment study of inhalable particulate pollution has become the important research field over the past ten years in home and abroad, airborne particle is high in our country, especially the inhalable particulate arouse large-scale pollution in the influence of specific human and environment district. As a result, enhancing the research of inhalable particulate not only has the very styong actuality leading meaning, but also has very high scientific research value.
The thesis choose Al, as identification element of burn coal dust; Fe, as identification element of steel metallurgy dust; Ca, as identification element of constructional marerial dust; Ti as identification element of road soil dust; Pb ,as entification element of traffic dust; by the collection of July 2007 and August 2007 of the atmosphere particulate (PM_(10),M_(2.5)) sample carry on the particulate density of measurement, analyses the chemistry composition of inorganic elements, using the method of receptor model-chemical mass balance(CMB) to analyse source apportionment of the particulate, it indicates the source of inhalable particulate and source to the contribution of the environment, as to realize the purpose of the prevention of dust pollution.
The research find out, the pollution source of inhalable particulate is primarily soil karaburan, burnt smut, automobile off-gas exhaust, dust nuisance in Nanchang city.
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