摘要
目前,我们正处在科学技术飞速发展的信息时代,自动化、最优化、集成化、智能化和精密化等使现代机械制造行业正经历着巨大的变化,也是其今后发展的必然趋势。金相抛光设备作为其中一个分支,正在由原来的手工操作逐渐走向半自动化和自动化。
金相抛光机主要用于金相试样的研磨和抛光等,在机械、冶金、汽车、航空航天等制造业中应用极为广泛。20世纪90年代后,金相制样技术发展极为迅速,金相试样抛光机作为金相制样设备也取得了很大的进步。
本课题的抛光机自动控制系统主要由两部分组成:控制系统和显示系统。控制系统主要由CPLD控制两台直流步进电机和几个相关开关,分别用来控制抛光压力、时间和转速。显示系统主要有按键输入和液晶显示两个功能。通过键盘可以输入所有和抛光相关的量,比如:抛光时间、抛光压力、抛光速度等,显示系统在抛光前显示的是设置的抛光参数,在抛光的过程中则显示为实时监测的各个参数等。控制系统和显示系统采用同一个控制核心,避免多控制核心间通信传输的误码。
本课题利用CPLD做载体,借助QuartusⅡ软件平台,利用VHDL硬件描述语言,采用一种软件硬化的设计思路设计了控制器。根据设计流程,结合控制器要实现的功能,将控制器划分成八个模块,对每个模块进行VHDL代码描述,再应用开发系统中的各种工具进行编译仿真测试。系统采用了模块化的设计思路,为系统的设计和维护提供了方便,同时也提高了系统性能的可扩展性。
在系统设计完成后,进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明:CPLD作为单一控制器实现抛光机自动控制系统编程规范、时序验证方便、系统修改灵活,且基本无须改动硬件,是实现抛光机自动控制系统的一种有效途径。
Nowadays, we are in the times of rapid developed information, automatic optimization, integration, intelligentize and exactitude have made modern machine manufacture undergone a huge change. And it is the trend of the development. Metallographic polishing device which is a branch of modern machine manufactures has making for half-automatic and automatic from handwork.
Metallographic polishing machines are mainly used for the abrading and polishing of metallographic sample and various materials. They are used broadly in mechanism, metallurgy, aviation and so on. After the ninth decade in 20th century, metallographic technology has developed so rapidly that metallographic polishing machines have gained great progress as metallographic sampling devices.
The overall system is mainly composed by two parts: control system and display system. The control system mainly controls two direct stepping motors and several related switches. The direct stepping motor is used to control the speed and press of the polishing machine. The display system mainly has two functions: input and display. You can input all the polishing related quantity through the keyboard, for instance: The time, the press, the velocity and so on. The display system shows the establishment polishing parameter before polishing and shows the monitoring parameter in the polishing process. The control system and the display system are in integrated component, so as to reduce the error code.
The study is based on CPLD and QuartusⅡ.The controller designed with the method of software hardening and VHDL(a design description language used in IBM AS/400 processor).According to the designing course and the necessary function,the controller is divided into eight modules. Every module is described with VHDL,and then all the Programs would be compiled,simulated and tested. It takes modularized method to design the system,so it is,easy to be designed,maintained and extended.
After the designing was finished,some experiments have been done,the results indicate that using CPLD as the automatic control of polishing machine has many advantages,for example,the program is criterion,the test of time sequence is facility,the modification of system is flexible,the hardware need not change on the whole .It is a new and efficient method in realizing the the automatic control system of metallographic polishing machine.
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