摘要
巨型模锻液压机是生产大型高强度铝合金、钛合金、高温合金、模锻件的关键设备。在国防和航空工业的大型模锻件生产中有着不可替代的作用。
巨型模锻液压机为解决可制造性问题,大量采用组合结构。这种大型组合结构突出的问题是工作载荷在结构中局部聚集,在某些部位产生较大的应力集中,甚至导致组合件之间局部开缝。论文在对比分析模锻压力机本体结构的基本形式基础上,选择压力机主传力方向上的三类典型关键部件,采用有限元法,运用Marc软件进行分析研究,着重分析影响载荷局部聚集和开缝的因素,从而为巨型模锻液压机结构设计提供依据。
论文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:
1、针对预紧螺栓组连接多层叠板的垫板组合结构,分析叠层板组合结构板间的接触应力分布规律,以及影响板间接触应力分布、开缝变形的因素。
2、针对由预紧螺栓、箱型梁和垫板组成的复合横梁结构,选择铸造箱型组合活动横梁为对象,分析确定组合箱型组合横梁结构开缝的原因以及结构优化设计。
3、针对由拉杆螺栓预紧的并联主机架,以C形板组合主机架为对象,分析影响机架整体强度和刚度的因素,着重讨论联接件对强度和刚度的影响。
通过对上述典型结构分析,指出解决巨型装备结构可制造性而派生出来的特殊组合结构,这类特殊结构常由于承载体间变形不协调而导致载荷传递过程中在局部聚集。为使其满足装备寿命、功能与运行精度的要求,应该以基于组合结构变形协调的刚度设计为准则,以巨大载荷流传递过程中在承载组合体的均匀释放为目标。
Large-scale die forging hydraulic pressure which is used to produce high strength aluminum alloys、titanium alloys and high temperature alloys die forging parts is a critical equipment. It is irreplaceable in the field of defense and aviation for production of large-scale die forging parts.
In order to resolve the manufacture problem, in the Large-scale die forging hydraulic pressure design, lots of combined structure are adopted. The outstanding problem in the large combined structure is that work load congregates at local region, so that it results in stress concentration and gap among the components.
This thesis studies three typical key components of the Large-scale die forging hydraulic pressure under Marc software platform, which distribute along the main transfer direction of load, base on the analysis of pattern of die forging hydraulic pressure structure. It emphasizes on analyzing the factors which effect on local load concentration and gap among parts. It is expected that this thesis can be contribute some basis to the Large-scale die forging hydraulic pressure design.
This thesis includes the following main aspects:
1. Aimed at the combination spacer plates structure, which tied by preload bolts, disciplinarian of contact stress distribution among different plates, effect factors which effect on contact stress distribution and gap between the components are analyzed.
2. Aimed at complex beam which is made up of the box-like beam, preload bolts and spacer plates, casting combination box-like moving beam is chosen as the analysis object. Reasons result in gap between box-like moving beam is found out, accordingly structure optimization design is carried out.
3. Aimed at parallel main frame, combined C-plate frame is chosen as the analysis object. Effect factors which effect on the integral strength and stiffness of the frame are analyzed. It emphasizes on analyzing effect on the strength and stiffness which arise from connection components.
Based on the analysis of the typical key components above -mentioned, it points out that special combined structure which derive from solving the manufacture problem during the heavy duty equipment design ,often exist load concentration caused by the Deformation disagree among the components. In order to meet with the request of equipment life unction and precision, stiffness design method based on deformation compatibility of combined structure is preferred. The final goal ensures the load transfers among the parts uniformly.
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