摘要
我国是世界上水土流失灾害十分严重的国家,随着社会经济迅速发展,人口、资源、环境的矛盾更趋尖锐,如不加大预防和保护力度,大规模的生产建设活动,将可能超出水土资源和生态环境的承受能力。
对已建的铁路工程项目做水土保持后评价,通过对工程沿线现场调查和资料的收集,查清区域水土流失和水土保持现状,进行回顾性分析,结合工程的现状,对已采取的水土保持措施进行论证和效果分析,提出补充和完善水土流失防治措施的对策和建议,总结铁路建设项目水土保持管理的经验教训,对项目本身进行监督和改善,提高水土保持措施的科学化水平,对以后的铁路建设项目水土保持工作有指导作用。可以将铁路建设项目对水土流失影响减小到最低限度,达到防治水土流失、保护生态环境,使经济与环境协调发展的目的。
本文论述了铁路水土保持后评价含义、目的及意义,后评价与前评价的异同、综述了国内外环境影响后评价发展与应用的情况,并结合国内外研究和先进经验,确定了铁路项目环境影响后评价中水土保持评价的思路、原则和方法,提出符合我国国情的铁路建设项目水土保持后评价的工作内容、工作程序和指标体系,为铁路建设项目环境影响后评价理论的建立提供了一定的依据。并根据提出的理论进行了实例应用,对已建成运营的达成铁路进行水土保持后评价,提出了较为有价值的结论与建议,在以后的项目中供有关部门决策与实施。
China is a very serious soil erosion disaster in the world country, With the rapid development of economic and social environment, population, resources and more sharp contradiction, If not to increase prevention and protection, large-scale production and construction activities may be beyond the affordability of land and water resources and ecological environment.
Railway projects have been built to do soil and water conservation, evaluation of the proposed project along the field investigation and data collection, retrospectively analyze to identify regional soil erosion and soil conservation status, combine with the status of the project, soil and water conservation measures have been taken to demonstrate and effect analysis, Proposed to supplement and improve the strategies and recommendations of the soil erosion control measures, summarize the lessons learned of the soil and water conservation management of railway construction projects, monitor and improve the project itself, and to improve the scientific level of the soil and water conservation measures on the railway construction projects after the Soil and Water Conservation The work guide. Railway construction projects on soil erosion can be reduced to a minimum, achieve the prevention of soil erosion, protect the ecological environment, so that the purpose of economic and environmental development.
This article discusses the railway Soil and Water Conservation post evaluation meaning, purpose and meaning, post evaluation of the similarities and differences with the previous evaluation, post evaluation of the development and application of environmental impact at home and abroad, and combination of domestic and foreign research and advanced experience and to determine the rail project environmental impact post evaluation of soil and water conservation evaluation of ideas, principles and methods, the evaluation of soil and water conservation after the railway construction project in line with our national conditions and job content, work processes and the index system, to provide some basis for the railway construction project environmental impact evaluation of the establishment of the theory. According to the proposed theory, practical application, reach a railway line has been put into operation, soil and water conservation evaluation, more valuable conclusions and recommendations for the relevant departments of the decision-making and implementation in future projects.
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