摘要
竹浆纤维是以竹材为原料,经碱法水解及多段漂白制成浆粕,然后再经湿法纺丝制得,其加工工艺与粘胶纤维生产相似。但在生产制作及后序的染整过程中,由于大量地碱性处理,使得竹纤维原有的抗菌性基本上消失,加之其耐光性也较差,所以如何赋予竹浆纤维以抗菌性和抗紫外性,成为其改性的一个重要方向。
本文的研究目的是基于金属离子Cu(Ⅱ)与Zn(Ⅱ)等具有抗菌性和抗此紫外性等功能,通过一定的途径使它们与竹浆纤维很好地结合起来,实现竹浆纤维功能化改性。
本研究的实验方法是用铜氨溶液和锌氨溶液处理纤维表面。该方法在常温常压下进行,操作方便,简捷实用。处理好的竹浆纤维织物应达到三个目标要求:一是具有一定的结合牢度(水洗牢度);二是保持原有竹浆纤维织物的力学性能;三是取得预期的抗菌和抗紫外性能。
配制出一定浓度的铜氨溶液,用以处理竹浆纤维。处理后的铜氨络合竹浆纤维,首先进行抗菌试验,同时,还要进行水洗牢度试验和典型的力学性能测试;然后通过SEM、TG、XRD、FTIR、XPS等实验,进行结构与性能分析;最后研究了影响因素,即反应浓度、处置浴比以及反应时间,并测试了其抗紫性能。
配制出锌氨溶液,用以处理竹浆纤维织物。处理后的锌氨改性竹浆纤维进行抗菌试验、水洗牢度试验和典型的力学性能测试;然后进行结构分析;最后研究影响因素,测试其抗紫性能。
结果表明,竹浆纤维经铜氨溶液处理后,形成铜氨络合竹浆纤维,Cu(Ⅱ)与竹浆纤维的羟基发生金属络合反应。铜氨络合竹浆纤维具有很好的抗菌功能,它的力学性能保持在原有水平,并保有一定的水洗牢度。此外,铜氨络合竹浆纤维还具有很好的抗紫外功能。
竹浆纤维采用锌氨溶液处理后,形成锌氨改性竹浆纤维,ZnO吸附在竹浆纤维表面之上。锌氨改性竹浆纤维具有很好的抗菌功能,达到了生态纺织品的抗菌整理要求,它的力学性能保持在原有水平,并拥有一定的水洗牢度;此外,锌氨改性竹浆纤维还具有很好的抗紫外功能。
使用铜氨溶液和锌氨溶液处理竹浆纤维都完成了上述三个目标要求。
本文的创新性在于,一是独特的思维和简捷的方法,它是受生产铜氨纤维的启示,将铜氨溶液控制在尚不足以溶解纤维素的溶度之下,达到竹浆纤维吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的效果;该方法在常温常压下进行,易于操控。二是采用铜氨溶液改性竹浆纤维,并产生了很好的抗菌效果和抗紫外效果。三则是更进一步,在铜氨溶液启发下,再配制出锌氨溶液用以处理竹浆纤维,该方法独辟蹊径,国内外尚无相关报道;它也是在常温常压下进行,无需对ZnO进行纳米分散处理,简便实用。四是竹浆纤维经锌氨溶液改性后,取得了很好的抗菌效果和抗紫外效果。
总之,竹浆纤维经铜氨溶液和锌氨溶液处理后,赋予了抗菌性与抗紫外性能,表明该思维方法是竹浆纤维功能化的一种良好途径;同时,对其它纤维素类纤维如棉纤维等,也不失为一种改性的新思路;再者,该方法工艺并不复杂,工业化前景广阔。
Bamboo pulp fiber is made from cellulose of bamboo in the form of dissolving pulp which is manufactured by chemical manners like alkaline hydrolysis and multistage bleaching, and then turned out via wet spinning. The processing is similar to that of traditional viscose fiber. Generally bamboo pulp fiber has lost the antibacterial property lain inherently in bamboo resulting from the treatment with alkali in the processing and finishing. Besides, the light permanency is bad. So, it is getting an important aspect to endow bamboo pulp fiber with antibacterial and UV-blocking properties
It is the objective of this research. Basically Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) have good antibacterial and UV-blocking properties, bamboo pulp fiber will be combined with them effectively by someway. So the bamboo pulp fiber gets functional with antibacterial and UV-blocking properties.
The experiment approach is to treat surface of bamboo pulp fiber with the copper liquor and the zinc liquor, which are prepared in a definite concentration not dissolving cellulose. There are three targets should be gained for the treated bamboo pulp fabrics. Firstly, it has to possess washing fastness in some extent. Secondly, it must be retaining the mechanical property original. Lastly, the antibacterial and UV-blocking properties are achieved according to the design.
Bamboo pulp fiber is treated with the copper liquor. The treated one i.e. Cu(Ⅱ) Complex Bamboo Pulp Fabric is tested by antibacterial, washing fastness and mechanical properties experimentations. Next, structure and properties analysis are performed by SEM, TG, XRD, FTIR and XPS. Finally, The factors dealing with the concentration, reacting time and bath ratios ae used to study the impact to the Cu(Ⅱ) complex bamboo pulp fiber. The UV-blocking property is tested too.
Bamboo pulp fiber is treated with the zinc liquor. The treated one i.e. Bamboo Pulp Fabrics Modified by the zinc liquor is tested by antibacterial, washing fastness and mechanical properties experimentations. Next, structure analysis is performed; finally, the factors are studied, and the UV-blocking property is tested too.
The results shows after treatment of [Cu(NH3)4]2+, that Cu(Ⅱ) is bonded with hydroxyl of cellulose in the fiber forming Cu(Ⅱ) complex bamboo pulp fabric, which demonstrates excellent antibacterial activity, retains the original mechanical property and possesses washing fastness in some extent. Cu(Ⅱ) complex bamboo pulp fabric has a good UV-blocking property farther more.
The results shows after treatment of [Zn(NH3)4]2+, that ZnO is absorbed onto the surface of the fiber forming bamboo pulp fiber modified by Zn(Ⅱ), which demonstrates a good antibacterial activity, retains the original mechanical property and possesses washing fastness in some extent. This is a finishing way to be ecological textiles. Bamboo pulp fiber modified by Zn(Ⅱ) has a good UV-blocking property too.
Bath of them implements the three targets above-mentioned.
Innovation of this research is represented in the several aspects. Firstly, it is an original ideal and an easy approach, which is inspired by the processing of cuprammonium fiber. Bamboo pulp fiber is treatment with the copper liquor in a definite concentration that can not dissolve cellulose and this is an easy way to do in room temperature. Secondly, not only a good antibacterial but an UV-blocking property is achieved for bamboo pulp fiber after the copper liquor treatment. Thirdly, upon that illumined by the copper liquor, the zinc liquor is prepared to treat bamboo pulp fiber too. This innovates a new and easy way avoiding the dispersion processing of nano-ZnO. Fourthly, as a result of the zinc liquor treatment, bamboo pulp fiber is endowed with good antibacterial and UV-blocking properties.
To sum up, it is a good technique to modify bamboo pulp fiber by the treatment of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and [Zn(NH3)4]2+. At the same time, it is can be referenced by the other cellulose fibers such as cotton. Once more, the process can be put in practice in an easy way. So it has a better perspective for industrialization.
引文
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