摘要
中高压大功率交流变频调速技术是继中小功率通用变频调速器成功应用后,用于节约能源和降低环境污染,实现低碳经济的一项重要技术。多电平变换器凭借其器件耐压要求低、谐波含量低、可改善输出波形质量等方面的优势,在当前功率开关器件性能水平的情况下,是大功率变频调速技术中广泛应用的主电路拓扑。本文针对二极管箝位型三电平逆变器及其在大功率交流调速领域的应用主要研究了如下内容:
逆变器的调制方面主要研究了两种具体的算法:空间矢量调制(SVPWM)、选择性消谐波调制(SHEPWM)。其中对于SVPWM主要分析了其算法原理、实现步骤、中点电压不平衡原因及控制方法;而对于SHEPWM主要研究了其原理、非线性超越方程组的建立及解法,并对两种具体的方程组解法重点研究,分析了方程组的收敛域、多解性等方面的问题;对SVPWM和SHEPWM方法分别进行了仿真和实验验证,并对两种方法作了比较。
高性能变频调速系统矢量控制中电机参数的准确性对系统的高效、可靠运行尤为重要。本文研究了基于三电平变换器的变频调速系统电机参数离线辨识方法,通过在电机端施加特定的激励信号实现直流、单相堵转和空载实验,根据采样的电压、电流数据并结合相应电机等效电路求解出电机参数,以仿真和实验的方法验证了离线辨识的有效性。
针对电机的转子时间常数易随电机运行状况改变发生变化的情况,本文分别在有、无速度传感器矢量控制系统中研究了转子时间常数的辨识,并重点对无速度传感器矢量控制时转速和转子时间常数无法同时辨识的问题展开分析,尝试利用在励磁电流给定量上叠加谐波激励的方法实现了两者的同时辨识。
对于三电平变频调速系统的硬件设计方面,主要分析了500KW三电平变换器的主电路、叠层母排、散热器、采样电路、驱动电路、结构设计等方面的内容,重点分析了光纤驱动电路的构成,并针对自动复位过于频繁和故障信号维持时间过短问题,提出了一种改进电路。
As the general-purpose frequency inverter, High-voltage and High-power AC motor drive technology is also very important for energy conservation and reducing environment pollution to realize Low Carbon Economy. Due to the low component voltage stress, low harmonic component, high quality waveforms and good EMC performance, multilevel converter is widely used in High-power AC motor drive occations. Some research on Diode-Clamped three level inverter and its application for AC motor drive is done in this paper, listed as follows:
Two modulation algorithms are discussed in this paper: Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) and Selected Harmonic Elimination PWM (SHEPWM). Issues studied about SVPWM are: the SVPWM theory, implementing steps, causes of the neutral point potential variation and the controlling algorithm; while issues studied about SHEPWM are: the SHE theory, the set and solution of nonlinear equations, and deep research is done on two specific solution methods, studies on the convergence of solution space and multiple solutions are also done. Simulational and experimental verification of the SVPWM and SHEPWM algorithms are implemented and compared.
The accurate motor parameter is very important to the performance and reliability of a high performance vector-controlled AC drive system. The off-line identification of motor parameter based on three level inverter driving system is discussed in this paper. DC test, single phase locked-rotor test and no-load test are implemented by giving specific excitation signals. The motor parameters are calculated by the tested voltage and current combined with the motor equivalent circuit, simulation and experiment verified the theory.
As the rotor time constant is variable with the running time of the motor, on-line rotor time constant identification is carried out both in vector controlled systems with and without speed encoder. Deep research is done on the problem of identificating the rotor speed and rotor time constant simultaneously. As they are coupled, simultaneous rotor speed and rotor time constant identification is realized in this paper by superimposing AC components on the field current command.
Hardware designing of an AC motor drive system with a 500KW three level inverter is given. The power circuit, bus bar, radiator, sampling circuit, Fiber Optic Isolated High-power IGBT drivers, and structure design is analyzed. Deep research is done on the IGBT driver, an improved method is proposed to eliminate problems like too-frequent resets and too-short fault signal maintain time.
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