摘要
齿啮式快开装置是一种开启方便、适用压力范围广的快速开关盖装置。由于结构多样性和受力状况的复杂性，现只有日本制定了高压和超高压快速启闭密封装置的设计标准，目前在用的大多数快开门式压力容器属于中、低压容器，尚无相应的标准可循，且未形成一套成熟的齿啮式快开容器的工程设计方法。本文对带有球冠形封头的中、低压齿啮式快开容器的基本结构进行研究的基础上，提出了齿啮式快开容器的参数化整体优化方法，研究重点放在结构和受力复杂的齿啮式快开装置的优化，对于容器简体壁厚仍采用现有强度公式设计。本文主要有以下成果：
(1)对齿啮式快开装置中啮合齿间存在的摩擦接触现象进行了研究，利用接触单元法采用面-面接触模型和库仑摩擦模型对齿间的接触行为进行数值模拟，建立了齿啮式快开装置的整体有限元模型。
(2)研究了齿啮式快开容器失效模式以及引起失效的原因，对三维有限元应力数值解用分析设计中应力分类的思想进行评定。
(3)提出了齿啮式快开容器参数化整体优化设计方法。利用ANSYS中的APDL参数化设计语言编程，实现了几何模型的自动生成，应力结果的参数化提取和应力分析；提出的优化策略解决了齿啮式快开容器非线性、混合设计变量的优化问题。
(4)对硫化罐用参数化整体优化设计方法进行优化设计，优化结果与初始的有限元结果表明：优化后的结构不仅满足强度要求，而且更加轻巧紧凑。对齿面上接触力和摩擦力的分布状态作了研究。
The tooth-locked quick closure device is widely adopted in various industries because of its wide applicability and convenient operation. And also Because of the complexity of its structure and load distribution, it is only in Japan where the design standard for the quick open closure device with high and super high pressure has been made, there is no corresponding standard to be followed in the design of quick opening closure vessels which belong to middle and low pressure ones, And a well-rounded engineering design method is not formed ,too. On the base of the basic structure study of the tooth-locked quick closure vessel of middle and low pressure with crown head, the optimization method of parameterized whole device is presented in this paper, the emphases of research is put on optimization of the tooth-locked quick closure device whose structure and load distribution is complicated, the wall of vessel, however, is designed according to the existing strength formula. The main research results are as follows:
The friction contact between teeth in the tooth-locked quick closure device is studied, and the simulation is made to the contact conduct between the teeth utilizing the face to face contact model with contact element and coulomb friction model, the whole finite element model of tooth-locked quick closure device is created.
The failure modes and causes of the tooth-locked quick closure device are studied, the 3-D stresses of FEA numerical value results is assessed by stress categorization of design by analysis, the status of design method is also studied and the optimization design method of whole device is created on the base of FEA.
The method of parametric unitary optimization of tooth-locked quick closure device is presented in this paper. The automatic geometric model generation and the results abstract are performed by the APDL program, and an optimization strategy for such nonlinear and mixed parameters problem as a tooth-locked quick closure device is also proposed.
The strain and stress of the tooth-locked quick closure device is concluded, especially the distribution research of normal contact force and tangential friction force between the teeth is the unique feature hi this paper.
引文
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