摘要
本论文利用半导体桥(SCB)换能元,开展了单质起爆药硝酸肼镍(NHN)、叠氮肼镍(NHA)和混合点火药硼/铅丹、锆/高氯酸钾的系统性点火实验研究,由此而得到较全面的药剂对等离子体的响应规律;通过比较NHN、NHA、斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)、叠氮化铅(LA)以及苦味酸铅的最小点火电压,得到其对等离子体的敏感程度;选择等离子体感度较大的两种起爆药LTNR、NHA进行了敏化实验。论文的主要内容如下:
(1)从药剂粒径、放电电容、装药密度三个方面系统研究了单质起爆药NHN和NHA的点火,得出点火时间随药剂粒径的减小先减小后增大,即药剂感度先增大后减小,说明药剂粒径与SCB有一定的匹配;放电电容对SCB等离子体的点火有一定的影响,电容与药剂以及SCB有一定的匹配;装药密度增大,可以提高药剂的等离子体感度。
(2)从放电电容、装药密度两个方面系统研究了硼/铅丹的点火,同样得出电容与硼/铅丹以及SCB之间有一定的匹配;增大装药密度可以使硼铅丹的感度增大。
(3)研究了混合药剂配比对点火的影响,得出硼/铅丹混合药剂中硼、铅丹质量比为4∶96时,比8∶92时点火效果好:锆/高氯酸钾中锆粉含量大时点火效果比较好。
(4)通过最低点火电压的比较得出五种起爆药对等离子体的敏感程度,按感度依次降低的顺序为LTNR＞NHA＞苦味酸铅＞NHN＞LA。
(5)根据药剂与等离子体的作用方式,从热学性能、电学性能、机械冲击三个方面进行了敏化研究,得出可以进行热积累容易形“热点”的材料以及导电性能较差可以积累电荷的小颗粒材料敏化效果比较好。
(6)拟合出NHN、NHA、硼/铅丹在一系列点火条件下的点火能量和作用时间的经验公式。
Semiconductor Bridge(SCB)initiating element was used to ignite some primary explosive including nickel hydrazine nitrate(NHN),nickel hydrazine azide(NHA)and igniting mixtures including B/Pb_3O_4 and Zr/KClO_4 in this paper.The lowest ignition voltage for five primary explosives(NHA,NHN,lead azide,lead styphnate and lead picrate)was determined,and its sensitivity to SCB plasma was sequenced.The sensitization for LTNR and NHA to the plasma was carried out.The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
(1)The igniting experiments to NHN and NHA with the SCB were tested systematically under the change of particle size,loading density and capacitor.The functional time of these two compounds change from shorten to growth with the particle size smaller and smaller.The capacitor needs to adapt to the different compound and SCB.The sensitiveness of each tested compound becomes high as the decrease of the loading density.
(2)To the mixture of B/Pb_3O_4,the capacitor also needs to adapt to its formula and SCB. The sensitiveness becomes high as the decrease of the loading density.
(3)The influence between ignition energy and the ratio of mixtures was researched.To the B/Pb_3O_4,the optimum mass proportion is 4:96,which is better than the 8:92.To the Zr/KClO_4,only the high content of zirconium powder can be ignited by SCB.
(4)The sensitivity order of five primary explosives to the plasma is LTNR＞NHA＞lead picrate＞NHN＞LA after comparing the minimum ignition voltage of them.
(5)According to the forms of plasma acting on the charge,the sensitization research was attempted through three aspects as thermal properties,electrical properties and impact shock. The micro size materials,which can easily accumulate the heat and less conducts the electricity,effectively sensitize to the NHA and LTNR.
(6)The experience formulas related to the ignition energy and functional time for NHN, NHA,and B/Pb_3O_4 were established based on a series of ignition situation.
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