复杂地质条件下公路隧道建设安全保障技术研究
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摘要
鉴于复杂地质条件下公路隧道建设安全保障体系尚不完善的现状,论文以隧道建设安全保障问题为切入点,以构建隧道安全保障体系为主要目标,通过基于B/S架构的系统开发、现场实测、有限元数值仿真等手段对复杂地质条件下公路隧道建设安全保障技术进行了较为系统的研究。
     1.依托实体工程,通过理论分析、现场试验等手段首先对复杂地质条件下隧道采用几种不同工法和支护参数进行数值计算分析,一方面从竖向位移、水平收敛、围岩塑性区的分布范围等角度比选出相对合理的施工工法;另一方面,从喷射砼厚度、锚杆长度和间距、以及支护材料等角度对设计参数进行了确定。其次,分别针对复杂地质条件下公路隧道洞口浅埋段、偏压段、软弱破碎段、塌方段的不良地质条件与施工灾害等实际技术难题进行了详细分析,提出了具体的防治措施,从而为隧道施工安全提供具体的技术支撑,确保了施工安全。
     2.采用B/S架构,根据施工过程中需要管理的内容划分为施工进度管理、施工安全管理、工程质量管理、人员机械设备管理、视频监控、工程变更、外部专家评审、文件管理及数据统计等部分,再针对不同单位性质将每部分分为设计方、施工方、监控方、监理方和业主五部分,最后将信息汇总,研发了一个基于WEB服务,基于计算机技术的公路隧道工程建设安全管理系统,从而为隧道建设安全提供了可靠的管理平台。
     3.结合工程现场监测,基于Windows数据库的存储与管理功能,采用Java语言自主研制并开发了“公路隧道现场监测信息处理系统”,该系统包括数据录入、数据预处理、图形显示、数据回归分析、日常报表输出、成果报表输出、项目及参数统计、数据导出及新工程建立、用户管理、数据修改、删除等功能,具有界面友好、功能齐全、应用范围广、可扩充性强、易于升级等特点,为隧道监控量测数据分析与及时反馈提供了便利,工程应用效果显著。
     4.在设计资料的基础上,基于监测数据管理平台,通过对围岩变形与初期支护变形、初期支护与二次衬砌应力等的系统现场监测,有效分析了设计方案的合理性,判断了施工方案的有效性,评价了结构的稳定性,为隧道建设安全及时提供了大量反馈信息。
     5.集成上述研究成果构建了以设计施工优化为先导、工程灾害防治措施为基础、安全管理系统与现场监测数据管理系统为平台、现场监测信息反馈为判据的复杂地质条件下隧道施工安全保障体系。论文研究成果为复杂地质条件下公路隧道建设安全保障提供了技术指导。
Due to the status that safety prevention and control system of highway tunnel constructionunder complex geological conditions is not perfect, the paper takes the safety control of tunnelconstruction as an entry point of research,to build the safety prevention and control system of tunnelas the main goal, conducted a comprehensive and systematicstudy by means of numericalsimulation based on theory of finite element,system development based on B/S structure,fieldmeasurement and so on.
     1.The tunnel construction method and supporting parameters were optimized under complexgeological conditions by theoretical analysis, field testing and other means; Combined with supportprojects, first, conducted numerical analysis by use of several different construction methods andsupport parameters in tunnel under complex geological conditions,on the one hand,compared andselected relative reasonable construction method from angles such as vertical displacement,horizontal convergence, the distribution scope of rock plastic zone and so on; on the other hand,optimized the design parameters from the sprayed concrete thickness,bolt length and spacing, aswell as supporting materials and other angles,so as to lay a good technical foundation for the safetyof tunnel construction.In addition, conducted a detailed analysis for adverse geological conditionsand construction disasters of shallow hole section, bias section, weak broken section, cavesection,and put forward the corresponding control technology, thus for tunnel construction safetyprovide the technical support.
     2.Using B/S structure,based on WEB services, according to the construction process thecontentneeded to manage is divided into construction schedule management, construction safetymanagement, engineering quality management, personnel and mechanical equipment management,video monitoring, engineering change, the external expert review, filemanagement and datastatistics,based on these part content, according to different units nature each part is divided intodesigner, construction side, monitoring party, supervisionparty, and owner of five parts, finally tosummarize all the information together, set up a highway tunnel engineering construction safetymanagement system, thus for safety in the construction of the tunnel to provide managementplatform.
     3.Combined with support projects filed monitoring, Windows based Access database under thestorage and management funcition, useing the Java language independently researched anddeveloped the “highway tunnel filed monitoring information processing system”,the systemincluding data entry, data pre-processing, graphics display, data regression analysis, the daily report output, results report output, project and parameters statistics, data export and the establishment ofnew projects, user management, data modification, deletion and other function, has friendlyinterface, complete function,wide range of applications, expansion of strong, easy to upgrade andother characteristics, through the used tosupport projects for tunnel monitoring data analysis andtimely feedback to provide convenient and,thereby, to provide management platform for the safetyof tunnel construction, with remarkable results.
     4.On the basis of design data, based on the monitoring data management platform,through tosystematic site monitor the surrounding rock deformation and primary support deformation,primariysupport and second lining stress,effectively and scientific analysising the rationality of design plan,judging the effectiveness of the construction plan and evaluting the stability of the structure, so as totimely provide a lot of feedback for safety oftunnel construction.
     5.Integrated the research achievement to build a safety prevention and control system of tunnelconstruction under complex geological conditions, in the system, optimizing the design andconstruction is the pilot, specific diaster prevention and control measures are the foundation, thesafety management system and the field monitoring data management system are the platform, thusto provide management platform for the safety of tunnel construction, field monitoring informationfeedback is the criterion. This research provides technology bases for the highway tunnelconstruction under complex geological conditions.
引文
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