摘要
运动心理学是研究在运动竞技情境中对运动员及其行为的一门科学,并将其知识应用于实际的情境中,北京奥运之后,我国已正式挤身为全球最为强劲的运动大国,为能维系缔造佳绩的运动员持续创造辉煌的战绩,探讨运动员相关的心理素质,就成为极其重要的课题。
运动员人格特质依社会情境有三种特质行为的型态存在,而想要了解人格最好的方法就是透过它的结构,将人格想象成三个公开但又相关的层次,其型态依序为心理核心、典型反应以及角色相关行为,此三个特质行为会因社会情境内在、外在的改变或社会环境的变动、稳定而不同。不论是教练领导行为、运动目标取向,均属于人格特质的部份因素,Vealey认为运动自信心与一般自信心概念不同,运动自信心是由运动特殊性以及运动员人格特质交互作用形成,而在复杂的运动竞技情境中,运动员的人格特质亦会因复杂环境的影响,而产生角色相关行为的改变,进而影响教练领导行为、运动目标取向及运动自信心的变化,从许多的研究结果显示,上述三者又与成绩表现及满意度存在着高度相关,因此,从人格理论的观点出发,探讨台湾地区高校男子高尔夫公开组选手之知觉教练领导行为、运动目标取向、运动自信心及满意度等心理变项及其相互关系,实具有研究上的意义。
本研究主要目的在探讨台湾地区高校男子高尔夫公开组选手之知觉教练领导行为、运动目标取向与运动自信心来源及选手满意度的相互关系。透过问卷调查法,使用“运动目标取向、知觉教练领导行为、运动自信心来源及选手满意度”量表为研究工具,以台湾地区2008年大专院校高尔夫锦标赛之男子公开组选手为研究对象,共选取55人。根据调查所得资料,以描述统计、单因子变异数分析、积差相关分析、多元逐步回归分析、及二因子变异数分析等统计方法进行资料分析后,得到以下结论:
一是不同背景(不同球龄、不同参赛经验)之台湾地区高校男子高尔夫公开组选手在知觉教练领导行为、运动目标取向、运动自信心来源及选手满意度达统计上的显著性差异。
二是台湾地区高校男子高尔夫公开组选手之知觉教练领导行为、运动目标取向、运动自信心来源及选手满意度具有统计上的显著性相关。
三是台湾地区高校男子高尔夫公开组选手之知觉教练领导行为、运动目标取向可以有效的预测并解释对运动自信心来源及选手满意度的变异量。
四是台湾地区高校男子高尔夫锦标赛公开组选手之知觉教练领导行为及运动目标取向对运动自信心来源不具有交互作用;但对选手满意度上之成绩满意度具有交互作用。
Sport Psychology is the science to study the athletes and their behaviors in the sport-competing situations and to practice the knowledge from the study on the real situations. After Beijing Olympic Games, our country has become the strongest athletic country on the world. To let the successful players keep breaking the records, it is a very important issue to discuss the relative psychological characters of the athletes.
According to the social conditions, there are three types of athletes’characters and behaviors. The best way to understand the character is through its structure. Imaging that the character can be divided into three public but related stages, the three stages are the psychological core, typical responses, and role-related behavior. These three will be different because of the internal or external changes of the social conditions, or because of the variation and stability of the social environment.
The Coach Leadership Behavior and Goal Orientation are both partial elements of human characters. Vealey thinks the concept of Sport Confidence is different from the ordinary one. Sport Confidence is formed by the interaction between sport’s particularity and athletes’characters. In the complex sport-competing situations, athletes’characters will be influenced by the complex environment and then cause changes on the role-related behaviors. Progressively, it will influence the changes of Coach Leadership Behavior, Goal Orientation, and Sport Confidence. Many research results have shown that these three are highly related to athletes’performances and satisfaction. Therefore, it is worth studying on the psychological variation and interrelationships of Coach Leadership Behavior, Goal Orientation, Sport Confidence and Athletic satisfaction.
The main purpose of this study was to examine the Interrelationships between Coach Leadership Behavior, Goal Orientation, Source of Sport-Confidence, and Athletics’Satisfaction among Fifty-five collegiate male Golf players who were recruited as participants in 2008 academic year. Participants were asked to complete a Questionnaire assessing their“Coach Leadership Behavior, Goal Orientation, Source of Sport-Confidence, and Athletic Satisfaction”. The results of this study were as followed:
1.There were significant differences of Coach Leadership Behavior, Goal Orientation, Source of Sport-Confidence, and Athletic Satisfaction on players who have different backgrounds.
2.There were significant correlation between Coach Leadership Behavior, Goal Orientation, Source of Sport-Confidence, and Athletic Satisfaction.
3.Collegial Golf Players’Coach Leadership Behavior and Goal Orientation were able to predict and explain variation on Source of Sport-Confidence, and Athletic Satisfaction.
4.Collegial Golf Players’Coach Leadership Behavior and Goal Orientation has no interactive effects on Sources of Sport-Confidence ,but it has interactive effects on Players’Satisfaction on their performances.
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