摘要
大气压气体放电中产生的非平衡等离子体,具有较高的电子能量和较低的离子能量,且包含大量的活性粒子,这些粒子具有很高的化学活性,许多通常不能发生或者需要在苛刻条件下发生的化学反应在这种等离子体氛围下都可以发生因此,大气压气体放电在工业生产上具有广阔的应用前景,从而已成为等离子体物理学界广泛关注的热点领域。
近年来,人们对大气压介质阻挡放电进行了广泛的实验和模拟研究,对介质阻挡放电的性质已经有了一定的了解和认知。但随着研究的不断深入,人们也深刻地认识到这种放电的复杂性,有许多放电行为还不清楚,一些放电现象还没有得到一致的、合理的解释,等离子体的性质随外部控制参数的变化、放电中的物理化学过程等还远未被掌握。均匀大气压等离子体的稳定机制和有效地控制方法还不完全清楚,有许多方面仍然处于研究之中。本文采用一维流体力学模型,对氦气以及氦氮混合气体中大气压介质阻挡放电特性进行了数值模拟研究,主要包含以下方面的内容及结果：
1、论文的第一章,简要介绍了大气压介质阻挡放电的研究背景及意义,系统地综述了国内外在该领域的研究现状和研究方法。
2、论文的第二章,模拟研究了单脉冲大气压氦气均匀介质阻挡放电特性。对外加电压幅值、频率、介质板厚度以及介电常数等参数对均匀大气压介质阻挡放电特性的影响作了系统的研究。给出了一种测定电流脉冲宽度的新方法,即通过计算击穿电压与熄灭电压的时间差来估计脉冲宽度。此外,研究了外加电压幅值和频率对电流脉冲宽度的影响,为实验获得均匀介质阻挡放电,抑制辉光放电向丝状放电的转化提供理论基础。
3、论文的第三章,对氦气中多脉冲均匀介质阻挡放电进行了模拟研究。研究了外加电压幅值和频率、放电间隙、介质层厚度等参数对放电电流脉冲的数目和相邻两个电流脉冲时间间隔的影响。此外,采用线性拟合的方法来估计形成新的电流脉冲时刻的起始电压和频率,为实验研究多脉冲放电提供理论基础。
4、论文的第四章,基于射频放电中的恒功率方法,提出用调节电压幅值的方法来保证功率恒定,并给出相应的迭代算式,从而将射频放电中的恒功率方法拓展到大气压介质阻挡放电的恒功率问题研究。研究了恒功率条件下外加电压频率和放电装置问隙对放电电流密度、电流脉冲宽度、放电空间电子密度和电荷密度等特征量的影响。研究结果将为大气压下介质阻挡放电的效率提高及放电装置的优化提供一定的理论指导。
5、论文的第五章,对氦氮混合气体大气压介质阻挡放电特性进行了模拟研究。仿真过程中充分考虑了在以往模拟过程中有可能被忽视的粒子,其中包括氦亚稳态分子He2*,氮分子离子N4+等。研究了不同含量的氮杂质对放电特性的影响,外加电压幅值和频率的变化对氦氮混合气体放电特性、主要放电机制以及放电特征量的空间分布的影响,以期获得对混合气体放电机理的进一步了解。
For the non-equilibrium plasma produced at atmospheric pressure, its electrons are of higher energy and its ion energies are lower. Especially, it contains a lot of active particles. These particles can reduce the threshold of chemical reactions with other corresponding matters. Therefore, many chemical reactions can occur in low temperature as well as in room temperature in the non-equilibrium plasma. Due to the above, the non-equilibrium plasma is widely used in industrial applications and the plasma physics scientific community has paid much attention to the development of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma.
In recent years, many studies on the homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure have been made experimentally and numerically, and some preliminary insights into this discharge have been obtained. However, following these studies the complexity of this discharge, which is located in the dissipative system with strong nonlinearity, has also been understood. In addition, there is the poor knowledge for some discharge behaviors, reasonable and general explanation for some phenomenon occurred in the discharges has not been given, the dependence of the non-equilibrium plasma on the parameters governing the discharge is not well known, and the physical and chemical processes in the discharge is not clear. By reason of these, many aspects of the discharge remain the subject of great interest. In this thesis, the characteristics of the homogenous dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in helium and in helium-nitrogen mixture are investigated numerically with the use of a one-dimensional fluid model. The main contents and results are summarized as follows:
1. In chapter1, background and significance for the studies on the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure are briefly introduced, and the systematic analyses on the situations concerning with this study are made.
2. In chapter2, using helium as working gas, the characteristics of the homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge with single pulse at atmospheric pressure is studied. The effects of several parameters on the homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure are explored. These parameters are the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage, the thickness of dielectric plate, and the permittivity of dielectric. A method of estimating the pulse width of the discharge by calculating the time interval between the breakdown voltage and extinguishing voltage is proposed. Further, the effect of the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage on the pulse width of the discharge is investigated, giving the principle of restraining the transition from the glow mode to filamentary mode so as to obtain the homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge.
3. In chapter3, the homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge with multiple current pulses at atmospheric pressure in helium is investigated numerically. The influences of the parameters, i.e. the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage, the thickness of dielectric plate, and the gap width of discharge configuration, on the discharge characteristics are analyzed systematically. The characteristics include the number of discharge current pulses and the time interval between two successive discharge current pulses. Moreover, an approach by means of linear fitting is given for estimating the starting voltage and frequency for the formation of a new discharge current pulse. This estimation could provide theoretical references for experimental study on the multiple-pulse discharge.
4. In chapter4, based on the method used in the radio frequency discharge, a procedure of keeping the constant power in the processes of the discharge by adjusting the amplitude of the applied voltage is proposed and the corresponding iterative formula is given. These extend the constant power method used in the radio frequency discharge into the study on the constant power in the homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure. Under the constant power, the effects of both the frequency of the applied voltage and the gap width of discharge configuration on the characteristic quantities, such as the current density, the discharge pulse width, the electron density, and the charge density, have been investigated systematically, providing theory for high efficiency and for optimization of discharge configuration in the homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure.
5. In chapter5, the influence of different amounts of nitrogen impurity on the barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in He-N2admixture gas has been numerically studied. The characteristic of the current density versus N2impurity amount shows a transition point. The influence of the amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage on both N2impurity amount and the current density at the transition point has been particularly investigated. The following conclusions are given. For fixed frequency of the applied voltage, both N2impurity amount and the current density at the transition point increase with increasing amplitude of the applied voltage. Fixing the amplitude of the applied voltage, N2impurity amount at the transition point increases with increasing frequency of the applied voltage, but the minimum value of the current density is not evidently affected by the frequency. In particular, the Townsend discharge mode is observed at the transition point under the present simulation conditions.
引文
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