感潮河网地区重金属数学模型研究
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摘要
随着工业的发展,尤其是金属冶炼、电镀、电子以及化工等行业的增多,向水体中排放的重金属废水量日益增加。由于重金属污染物毒性强、污染性质复杂、不能被微生物降解等特点使得重金属对水生动植物和人类健康危害极大。关于水体重金属污染的研究前人已做了一些工作,但对于河道密集、重金属污染物呈多点源排放方式的平原河网地区的研究较少,因此加强对该地区水体重金属污染物迁移转化规律的研究是一项十分有意义的工作。
     本文首先系统分析了重金属污染物在水体中的污染特性以及迁移转化规律。选择以太仓市城区及其附近河流为研究对象。该地区重金属排放量较大,河网纵横交错,流速缓慢,受潮汐影响流向顺逆不定,是典型的平原感潮河网。认真分析该地区重金属污染现状,并经过严格筛选,确定以Cr~(6+)为特征污染研究因子。针对区域水文特点,首次采用数学模拟的方式对平原河网地区的重金属迁移转化问题进行研究;建立重金属迁移转化模型,以溶解态重金属为主要研究对象,通过引入综合沉降系数分析重金属水相和沉积相之间的相互迁移过程。根据数学模型计算结果分析该地区重金属污染物在水体中迁移转化的基本规律;揭示了吸附沉降是重金属迁移的主要方向;全面讨论了综合沉降系数的影响因素,进而明确了今后继续深入研究该问题的方向和途径。
With the development of industry, especially the augment of metal smelt plants, electroplating, elctron and chemical industries, a great deal of heavy metal wastewater was discharged into water body in increasing amounts. Because of the strong toxicity, complex pollution characters and non-bidegradation, heavy mental pollutant is great harm to hydrophilous propagation and people healthy. Some researches about heavy metal pollution in water have been done formerly, but there are few about river network regions, which is with the characteristics of dense rivers and pollutant originated from point sources. Therefore it's important to enhance the studies about transport and transformation rules of heavy mental pollutant in water in these regions.
    Pollution characteristics and transport and transformation rules of heavy metal pollutants were analyzed systemically at first. Taicang city zone and nearby rivers was chosen as the research objection. Heavy metal emission is large in this region, where is typical tidal river network due to the characteristics of interleaving rivers, slow velocity of flow and inconstant direction of flowing water. Through the investigation of the current situation of heavy metal pollution in this region and strict selection, Cr6+ was decided as the pollutional factor. Aiming at local hydrological feature, the problem of transport and transformation of heavy metal in river network regions through mathematical modeling at the first time. Establishing modeling of heavy metal transport and transformation, dissolved heavy metal was the main research goal and the synthetically sedimentation coefficient was imported to investigate the migration of heavy metal between aquatic phase and sedimental phase. According to calculating resu
    lts, mechanism of transport and transformation of heavy metal has been analyzed, and adsorption sedimentation has been considered as the main aspect. The influencing factors was discussed and the direction and approaches about future work were also confirmed.
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