摘要
糖尿病是一种常见病、多发病，在我国以及全世界发病率都很高。发达国家糖尿病患病率在6％-10％以上，我国糖尿病患病率约在2％-4％。糖尿病是世界各地都非常关注的疾病，近年来，全世界的糖尿病患者普遍有逐渐增加的趋势。
由于糖尿病伴随着许多并发症，如果得不到有效治疗，会造成许多严重的后果，因此如何有效检测和监测糖尿病一直是人们非常关注的问题。本论文依托国家863项目，通过设计以酶电极为基础的生物传感器来检测糖尿病，将酶固定化技术与微加工技术相结合，实现传感器的多参数测试。传感器以印刷碳糊电极为基底，通过特殊的固定化技术将酶固定在电极上，在只需要4微升血液的情况下，同时检测与糖尿病病情密切相关的四个参数：血糖、总胆固醇、乳酸、β-羟丁酸。论文中详细讨论了传感器设计的过程以及各个传感器在制作过程中的工作参数的确定，在大量的实验基础上，完成了多参数传感器的设计和制作工作，并顺利通过临床测试，各项指标令人满意。
我们设计的生物传感器是建立在碳糊电极基础上的微量传感器，具有特殊性，为此我们在传统的酶电极模型基础上，首先推导出了与本传感器反应契合的动力学数学模型，并将模拟的理论结果与实验结果进行了对比，最终证实本数学模型能够比较好地与实际实验结果符合。
由于酶电极传感器存在检测线性范围小的问题，我们进一步将纳米技术引入传感器设计中，着重探讨了纳米碳管在本传感器系统中的作用。在以葡萄糖传感器为对象的实验中，我们惊喜地发现加入纳米碳管后，传感器的检测线性范围得到很大提高，而且检测灵敏度没有受到任何影响。为了解释这种结果，我们建立了一套理论模型，从微观和宏观两方面进行了说明，这个模型由我们首先提出，在国际上处于领先地位。在此基础上，我们将在未来对这一领域进行更深一步的研究。
Diabetes is a familiar disease and its incidence is high in China and all over the world. The incidence of diabetes in developmented country is above 6%-10% and in China is about 2%-4%. Diabetes is attracted high attention of world, and the number of diabetes sufferer increased gradually in recent years.
There are many complications of diabetes. These complications could cause many bad results if they could not be treated effectively. How to detect and inspect diabetes effectively is a very important question all the while. This doctor paper is a part of Chinese 863 item. It detect and inspect diabetes through enzyme biosersor and can detect four parameters synchronously. The biosensor we designed used carbon paste as electrodes, and enzymes were immobilized on the surface of electrodes through special bio-immobile technology. It could detect four parameters which are related to diabetes and its incidence, the four parameters are blood glucose, total cholesterol, lactic acid and p-hydroburyrate. We discussed detailedly about how to design the biosensor and how to confirm their working parameters in this paper. We accomplish the designing and experimental work about the biosensor and finish all the clinical experiments with satisfactory results.
The biosensor we designed is a microanalysis sensor based on carbon paste electrodes, it is very special. After analyzing the electrode process and characteristic of kinetics and doing research on reaction mechanism of enzyme, we construct the kinetics model of the system. The i-t transient model accords well with our experiments.
We introduce carbon nanotubes into biosensor to improve the capability of biosenor. We found mat linear range of glucose biosensor was increased after add carbon nanotubes into the glucose oxidase solution. We construct the theoretical model to explain this result in macroscopical and microcosmic angles.
引文
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