摘要
光谱成像技术是一种将光谱探测与成像技术相结合的新型探测手段，可以同时获得目标的空间信息和光谱信息。自上世纪80年代诞生至今，该技术已在军事、农业、地质、环境、生化等领域得到了成功应用。本文对光谱成像系统的整体优化设计问题展开研究，提出一种基于成像链分析的光谱成像系统设计方法，对光谱成像过程中的各个环节进行建模，实现成像仿真和分析，并将成像仿真和分析的结果运用到光谱成像系统设计的各个阶段。本文主要的研究内容包括：
1.对目前光谱成像技术和成像链分析方法的研究进行总结，介绍国内外的发展现状，讨论如何将成像链分析方法应用到光谱成像系统设计之中；
2.介绍光谱成像的基本理论，分析目前流行的光谱成像技术的原理及特性；
3.对遥感应用中的光谱成像链进行建模，用数学表达式描述典型的光谱成像系统的成像链模型；
4.利用光谱成像链的数学模型，在MATLAB环境下设计一种基于成像链分析的光谱成像系统的成像仿真、分析和性能评估软件ISAPET (Image Simulation,Analysis and Performance Evaluation Tool)，介绍该软件的结构和功能，以几种典型的光谱成像原理为例，介绍成像仿真和分析的具体实现方法；
5.介绍光谱成像系统仿真软件ISAPET在光谱成像系统设计中的应用；
6.以一种滤光片阵列型机载光谱成像系统的设计为例，具体介绍基于成像链分析的光谱成像系统设计方法的实现，并研制了原理样机，通过实验分析、比较成像仿真和真实成像的结果。
本文的研究工作表明，将成像仿真和分析方法运用到光谱成像系统的设计中，能够很好的辅助光谱成像系统的整体优化设计，缩短研制周期。利用成像仿真和分析方法能够从系统整体设计角度进行全局优化，提高设计效率。随着人们对于光谱成像系统要求的不断提高，基于成像链分析的光谱成像系统设计方法在光谱成像系统的整体设计中也会发挥越来越大的作用。
Spectral imaging is a cutting-edge technique which combines spectroscopy andimaging technology to detect the world. It simultaneously captures both spatial andspectral information from the objects of interest. Since its birth dated back to the1980’s, imaging spectroscopy has found successful applications in many fields, e.g.military, agriculture, geology, environmental sciences, biology and etc. This thesisfocuses on the research of spectral imaging system design and global optimization. Adesign method based on the image chain analysis is presented. In this design strategy,each link in the image chain of spectral imaging process is mathematically modeledfor the image simulation and analysis. During the R&D phase of spectral imagingsystems, the simulation and analysis results are made use of to help support the design.The main research aspects in this thesis include:
1. Summarizing the state-of-the-art researches in spectral imaging and imagechain analysis and discussing the prospect of applying the image chain approach tothe design of spectral imaging systems.
2. Introducing basic theories in spectral imaging and analyzing the currentspectral imaging technologies and their pros and cons.
3. Modeling the image chain of spectral imaging mathematically in itsapplication in remote sensing.
4. Designing a software package called ISAPET (Image Simulation, Analysisand Performance Evaluation Tool) in MATLAB based on the mathematical models ofspectral imaging systems. Its architecture and function are introduced in detail. Forseveral kinds of spectral imaging systems, simulation examples are presented toillustrate the implementation of ISAPET’s basic functions.
5. Introducing the applications of ISAPET in spectral imaging system design.
6. Illustrating the design methods of spectral imaging systems based on theimage chain approach in detail by taking a filter-array-type airborne imagingspectrometer for example. A prototype was built up with the very design result.Experiments were carried out to compare the actual results and the simulation results.
It would be concluded that by applying the image simulation and analysismethods in spectral imaging system design, global optimization can be achieved toassist in designing the whole system, shortening the design cycle and improving thedesign efficiency. With the rising requirements for higher spatial and spectralresolutions in spectral imaging applications, the design strategy based on image chainapproach will play more and more important roles in spectral imaging system design.
引文
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