摘要
我国能源建设计划已经明确指出:风电的利用对促进电力工业结构调整、减少环境污染、推进技术进步、培育新的经济增长点具有重要意义。风力发电机组的各个部件担负着很大的机械载荷,这致使风力发电机制造的成本居高不下,而且,风力发电机的制造成本和风力发电机的额定输出功率的立方成正比,随着风力发电机向大型化发展,由载荷增大产生的相应成本陡增。有资料表明:风电机组各零部件上的载荷与控制方法,尤其是控制参数的选取有关,因此,在设计阶段研究风力发电机组各个零部件上的载荷具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值。
根据IEC61400-1标准,本文以某型号风力发电机组为建模、计算的基础,改变变桨速率,分别做了风力发电机组的叶片根部,塔架顶部和底部的载荷仿真计算,并筛选出了每个确定变桨速率下这三个部位的极限载荷,并对变桨速率与各极限载荷之间的关系做了分析和总结。本文的定量分析结论将会对大型风力发电机组的设计起到很好的指导作用。
China's energy development plan had clearly indicated that the use of wind energy is of great significance to promote industrial restructuring and reduce environmental pollution, promote technological progress, and cultivate new economic growth point. Wind turbine in various parts of the machinery charged with the great loads, which caused the cost of wind turbine manufacturing high, and wind turbine manufacturing costs and wind generators rated output power is directly proportional to the cube, with wind turbine to large-scale development, the corresponding load cost increase soaring. Data showed that: the load of the wind turbine and it’s control methods, in particular, the selection of the relevant control parameters, therefore, in the design phase, the research on the wind turbine’s various parts of the load is of great theoretical and practical value.
According to IEC standards, the paper based on a certain model of wind turbine, changed the pitching rate of the wind turbine, simulated the load on the blade roots, the tower at the top and bottom, moreover, separating out each identified Variable pitching rate of these three parts of the limited load, then, analyzing and synthesizing the relationship between the pitching speed and limit loads. The analysis and synthesis in this paper of will play a very important guide in wind turbine design.
引文
[1] E A Bossanyi.GH Bladed theory manual. Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited.April, 2005
[2]欧洲风能协会/国际绿色和平风力12:关于2020年风电达到世界电力总量12%的蓝图.中国环境科学出版社:2004年5月第1版
[3]李俊峰,时璟丽,谢宏文等.中国风力发电价格政策研究报告.北京,中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会,绿色和平,世界风能理事会.2006年10月
[4]高冬.2007-2008年中国风力发电设备行业分析及投资咨询报告(上下卷). www.eastmoney.com.2008-02-25
[5]国家风力发电工程技术中心2007年中国风电产业研究报告2008年3月
[6]郭亮.风力发电机组疲劳载荷测试系统的研究与设计[D]乌鲁木齐新疆大学2006
[7]郭靖.风力发电机组轴系扭矩测试系统的研究[D].乌鲁木齐.新疆大学.2007
[8]金风科技股份有限公司.金风*/****风力发电机组技术介绍.2007
[9]崔新维.风力发电技术基础.国家风力发电工程技术中心.200.
[10] E.A.Bossanyi.“The Design of Closed Loop Controllers for Wind Turbines”wind energy.2000
[11] K.A.Stol Disturbance“Tracking and Blade Load Control of Wind Turbines in Variable-Speed Operation”NREL/CP-500-33011 January 2003
[12] IEC.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61400-1: wind turbines-Part 1: design requirements, the third edition, International Electrotechical Commission, 2005.26-45
[13] E.Muljadi and C.P. Butterfield“Pitch-Controlled Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation”February 2000. NREL/CP-500-27143
[14] E.A.Bossanyi. Wind turbine control for load reduction. WIND ENERGY.2003, 6.229-244
[15] Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins. Wind energy hand book. NEW YORK,John Wiley & Sons, ltd. 2001. 209-309
[16]叶杭冶.风力发电机组控制技术(第二版).北京:机械工业出版社.2002
[17]徐甫荣.大型风电场及风力发电机组的控制系统.自动化博览.2001.6
[18]姜香梅,曾杰.风力发电机及其零部件载荷的确定方法.新疆农业大学学报.2002 ,25 :74～77
[19]求是科技.Matlab 7.0从入门到精通.北京.人民邮电出版社.2006
[20]达恩.亨塞尔曼,勃鲁司.利特尔费尔特.精通MATLAB—综合辅导与指南.李人厚,张平安等译校.西安.西安交通大学.1997
[21] E.A.Bossanyi. GH-Bladed. Version 3.67. Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited. April, 2005
[22] Deng Jianjun. 62/1200kW Loads Calculation with HT29.1 Blades (IEC Class II). 05/07/2005
[23] Danish Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association. Guided Tour on Wind Energy. [Off line].http://www.windpower.dk/tour/index.htm.2001
[24]陈平剑.风力发电机组叶片气动载荷计算研究.中美洁净能源技术论坛,议题I新能源与可能源.I95-I101
[25]陈雷.邢作霞等.风力发电机组载荷计算中的外部风速条件模拟研究.2006年节能与可再生能源发电技术研讨会论文集.199-206
[26]陈文轩.大型水平轴风力发电机组动态载荷计算方法研究.21世纪太阳能新技术。931-934
[27]郭健.风力发电机整机性能评估与载荷计算的研究.大连.大连理工大学.2003
[28]武鑫.赵斌. 750kW失速型风力发电机组控制系统关键技术设计.电气应用.2OO6年第25卷第10期.60-62
[29]接勐.风力发电机组载荷控制的研究.乌鲁木齐.新疆农业大学.2006
[30] Germanischer Lloyd Wind Energie GmbH, the Wind Energy Committee. IV Rules and Guidelines Industrial Services 1.Guideline for the Certification of Wind Turbines, Edition 2003, Germanischer Lloyd WindEnergie GmbH.2004.105-148
[31] E. Muljadi and C.P. Butterfield“Pitch-Controlled Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation”February 2000. NREL/CP-500-27143
[32] E.L. Vander Hooft, T.G. van Engelen, P. Schaak, E.J. Wiggelinkhuizen,“Design Tool for Wind Turbline Control Algorithms”
[33] J.F.Manwell,J.G.McGowan and A.L.Rogers.ind Energy explained.Theory,Design and Application. John Wiley &Sons Ltd.96-154
[34] R I Rawlinson-Smith. Load calculations for a Generic 1.5MW wind turbine to IEC IIA conditions. 2004. 1040/BR/01
[35] Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins, Ervin Bossanyi .Wind Energy Handbook. John Wiley &Sons Ltd.2001. 253-354