摘要
在全球的新能源和可再生能源行业中,风能凭借其巨大的环保效益和商业潜力,得到快速发展。风力发电场微观选址与风机选型是整个风电场建设的重要环节,是风电项目综合评估的根本,是决定风电场建设取得良好效益的关键。目前我国已建的部分风电场出现了容量系数偏低、发电量不足、机组故障频发等各种问题,究其根本原因之一就是微观选址与机型不匹配。
本文从研究风资源和风特性着手,深入讨论了风剪切、湍流、尾流等对风力发电机组载荷和疲劳的影响及风力发电机组的主要技术性能指标,介绍了Meteodyn WT风资源CFD软件的理论基础和求解方法,建立了以风力发电机组容量系数和风力发电机组排列间距为约束、以风电场发电量为目标的数学模型,给出了在进行风电场风能资源评估的具体操作步骤。
结合企业的实际情况,针对罗平山风电场一期工程,按照所给出的风电场风资源评估的具体操作步骤,通过Metodyn WT软件进行风资源综合评估,利用所建立的数学模型,实现了风电场微观选址和选型的优化,得到了业主的认可。
本文在微观选址和选型优化方面的综合研究,为在风电场建设初期,如何提高风电场的年发电量、确保风力发电机组的可靠运行提供了有益的措施、建议并给出了实施的具体步骤,对建设新的风电场具有有益的参考价值及一定的现实意义。
In the global new energy and renewable energy industry, wind energy develops rapidly because of its environment protection benefits and commercial potential. Wind farms micrositing and wind turbine options is the key link of the whole wind farm construction, the basic of the wind farm general evaluation, and the crucial issue for favorable benefits. At present, all kinds of problem have turned out in our country, such as the lower capacity factor, insufficiency generating capacity and frequently faulty occurring of WECS (Wind Energy Converter System). One of the basic reasons is the site and WECS mismatching.
From the beginning of wind resources studying, this paper deeply discuss the influences of wind shear, turbulence, wake flow on wind turbine and the technique, performance index of WECS, introduce technical basis and methodology of Meteodyn WT CFD software, establish a mathematical model in which generating capacity is the object, WECS capacity factor and space is the restriction, finally provide detailed operating steps in the wind resources assessments of wind farms.
Combine the actual situation of enterprise, use CFD software of Metodyn WT and the mathematical model, this paper implement micrositing and wind turbine options optimal arrangement to the Luopingshan wind farm project phase one according to the providing detailed operating steps in the wind resources assessments of wind farms.
The comprehensive study for wind farms micrositing and wind turbine options of this paper advises useful measures, suggestion for improve wind farm generating capacity and assure reliability service of WECS and also provide detailed operating steps. It provides reference for building new wind farm and has practical significance.
引文
[1]刘万琨,张志英,李银凤等,风能与风力发电技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2008.3,43~51
[2]侯文涛,冯舜,刘昭亮等,风电行业深度报告,湖南:湘财证劵，2009.11.23,4~7
[3]王伟胜,戴慧珠,申洪等,全国风电场建设及运行情况的调查评估与发展政策研究,北京:中国电力科学研究院,2002,5~10
[4]柳亦兵,风电机组综合性能评估与运行特性分析,北京:华北电力大学,年卷2009
[5] J.F.Manwell, J.G. McGowan, A.L.Rogers etc. WIND ENERGY EXPLAINED, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2002
[6]廖明夫,R.Gasch, J.Twele等,风力发电技术,西安:西北工业大学出版社,2009.3,79~111
[7]贺德馨,风工程与空气动力学手册,北京:国防工业出版社,2006,10~25
[8]周良茂,卢文达,邓祖成等,近地面风的实测与研究,水电部西安热工研究所科技报告,1982
[9] Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins etc. WIND ENERGY HANDBOOK, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2005
[10]于力强,苏蓬,风电场选址问题综述,中国新技术新产品,2009年第7期,156
[11] Erich Hau, WIND TURBINES, Germany: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006
[12]冯宾春,邢占清,风资源评估中的关键问题评述,水利水电技术,第40卷2009年第9期,46~49
[13]黎发贵,巫卿,浅谈风电场测风,水力发电,2008.7,第34卷第7期,81~84
[14]杨秀媛,肖洋,陈树勇等,风电场风速和发电功率预测研究,中国电机工程学报,2005.6,第25卷,第11期,1~5
[15]邓院昌、宁洪涛、王铁强等,基于GIS的风电场宏观选址综合评价方法及应用,中国可持续发展论坛,2008
[16]连捷,风电场风能资源评估及微观选址,电力勘测设计,2007.4,第2期,71~73
[17]施跃文,高辉,陈钟等,特大型风力发电机组技术概述,国华能源投资有限公司
[18] Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Service GmbH, Guideline for Certification of Wind Turbines, Edition 2003 with supplement, Germany: Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg
[19]马珺,谢桦,童亦斌等,双馈风力发电机最大风能追踪策略的研究,机械与电子,2009(2),3~6
[20]李俊峰,中国可再生能源技术评价,北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999
[21]宫靖远,风电厂工程技术手册,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[22]申洪,王伟胜,一种评价风电场运行情况的新方法,中国电机工程学报,2003.9,第23卷第9期,90~93
[23]魏慧荣,风电场微观选址的数值模拟,北京:华北电力大学(北京)年卷期2007
[24]付祥钊,龙天渝,苏亚欣等,计算流体力学,重庆:重庆大学出版社,2007.3
[25] Meteodyn WT软件用户指南和帮助http://www.meteodyn.com
[26]冯宾春,杨峰,风电场机组布局优化,水利水电技术,第40卷,2009年第9期,78~80
[27]吴永忠,韩雪,王世峰等,以空气密度修正风力发电机组上网发电量方法的分析,可再生能源,2008.12,第26卷第6期,79~81
[28]牟聿强,王秀丽,别朝红等,风电场风速随机性及容量系数分析,电力系统保护与控制,2009.1.1,第37卷,第1期,65~70
[29]吕鹏远,邓志勇,风电场建设中的风力发电机组选型,水利水电技术,第40卷,2009年第9期,57~59
[30]丁明,张立军,吴义纯等,基于时间序列分析的风电场风速预测模型,电力自动化设备,2005.8,第25卷第8期,32~34
[31] WAsP风资源评估软件帮助