摘要
现代大型风力机设计是一个涉及多学科交叉的复杂问题,因此,风力机的总体设计必须综合考虑风力机系统的结构布局、部件间的动态耦合、动力学优化及系统的可靠性。风力机总体设计技术包括:(1)风电机组动态空气动力学理论及气动优化方法;(2)风电机组载荷计算的气动弹性模型及分析方法;(3)极端条件下整机稳定性及可靠性理论与分析方法;(4)风电机组总体结构布局的优化设计理论及方法;(5)风电机组结构动力学分析、结构疲劳测试及多点耦合振动测试机理及实验平台建设等。
本文首先分析了现代风力发电机组的结构和运行特性,参考风力机运行的外部环境和相关国际标准,对风力机整机系统所受各种载荷的计算方法及相互间的影响进行研究,通过分析各零部件之间的载荷传递关系,以载荷链的形式建立了整机载荷传递模型。风力发电机组总体设计技术理论的基础研究是急需解决的关键科学问题。本文对风力发电机组总体设计技术及其系统布局进行了初步研究,确定了风力发电机组总体设计参数的方法,对总体布局的方案设计进行了分析,对传力路线的布局方式与机组整体性能的关系进行了研究。
本文利用有限单元法建立了风力机零部件和整机的总体设计结构动力学分析模型。通过风场计算、空气动力学计算和结构动力学分析,从而构成一个完整的风力机整机动力学分析模型方法。
利用以上研究成果,开发了相应的计算软件,并集成风力机全系统载荷分析及优化设计软件HAWTDesign。使用软件对1.5MW风力机的分析结果表明,软件计算结果可靠,适用于风力机的总体设计。
Modern large-scale wind turbine design is a multidisciplinary issue, therefore, wind turbine global design must consider the structural layout, structural dynamics optimization, system reliability and the interaction in various factors. Wind turbine global design technology include: (1) wind turbine dynamic aerodynamic theory and aerodynamic optimum design methods, (2) the aeroelastic model and analysis methods of wind turbine load calculation, (3) wind turbine stability and reliability theory under extreme conditions, (4) wind turbine global structure layout optimum design theory and methods, (5) wind turbine structural dynamics analysis, structural fatigue testing, vibration testing mechanism and the experimental platform,construction, and so on.
In this paper, the structure and operation characteristics of modern wind turbine, based on wind turbine running environment and international standards, are analysed firstly, the wind turbine load calculation and the interaction of the various loads are figured out, and the wind turbine load transfer model is established.
The basic study of wind turbine global design technology is a key scientific problem which is urgent to be resolved. In this paper, there is a preliminary study to wind turbine global design technology and its system layout, the calculation methods of wind turbine global design parameters are figured out, the scheme design of wind turbine general layout and the relationship between transfer loads and the global performance are studied.
Based on finite element method, in the paper, a structural dynamics model of wind turbine is established, which can analyse the dynamic performance of wind turbine components and whole wind turbine. Thereby, a complete wind turbine dynamic model has being established, which includes the wind model, aerodynamics calculation and structural dynamic analysis.
Make use of the above research results, the paper develops the corresponding calculation codes and integrated the codes as a wind turbine full system load analysis and design optimum software HAWTDesign. The software has been successfully aplied to 1.5 MW wind turbine analysis. The results show that HAWTDesign software is reliable, can be applied commendly to the global design of wind machines.
引文
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