摘要
目的：探讨长期饮酒对大鼠周围神经肌肉功能及形态影响，并观察早期运动训练能否对其功能恢复产生促进作用，同时探讨其代偿机制。
方法：将24只雄性wistar大鼠随机分为3组：A组为对照组8只，B组为酒精中毒造模组8只，C组为康复组8只。采用灌胃法B、C组以50％(v／v)食用酒精，按10ml／kg．d灌胃8周，康复组于灌胃第7周开始同时予游泳训练及跑笼训练2周，对照组则用等体积的生理盐水，每只大鼠每周称重，8周后做电生理测定，并做坐骨神经检察。
结果：1．酒精中毒造模组大鼠体重、食量、毛色均较对照组差，并出现酒精中毒性精神症状；2．电生理检查酒精中毒造模组大鼠神经肌肉收缩阈值增高，峰值降低；3．酒精中毒造模组微观结构显示轴索变性伴继发性节段性脱髓鞘改变，而其他两组则不显著。
结论：1．长期大量饮用高浓度白酒对大鼠周围神经肌肉形态及功能均有影响，其改变与人类慢性酒精中毒周围神经病相似；2．早期运动训练对慢性酒精中毒大鼠坐骨神经肌肉损伤，起到一定治疗作用。
Objective: To evaluate the effect of function and configuration of sciatic nerve and muscle in rat with chronic alcoholism and study the relevant mechanism.
Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided randomly and equally into 3 group : group A(control group), group B(ethanol group) and group C(exercise group) . The group B and C group was administered ethanol (50%, v/v)8ml·kg~(-1)·day~(-1) in 8 weeks .The control group was administered isovolume normal saline. Meanwhile, at the last 2 week . The rats of the rehabilitation group was administered with swimming training and running in the net hole. Measurements of weight and appetite in each rat were performed every week and the electromyography and histomorphometric analysis in sciatic nerve for peripheral neuropathy were evaluated in 24 rats which were exposed to ehtanol or control condition for 8 weeks.
Result: (1). Both weight and appetite decreased in group B and group C than group A. (2). Electrophysiologically group B showed low amplitude of compared with group A and group C significantly. (3). In histomorphometrical studies, HE in light microscope showed axonal degeneration with secondary segmental demyelination in group B.
Conclusions: 1. Long term alcohol intake can damage the function and Configuration of peripheral nerve sural muscle in rat which is similar to that in human alcoholics . 2. The exercise training can improve the functional recovery of extremities in rats with
引文
1．冯昱，柳忠兰，王青．慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病．中风与神经疾病杂志，2002，6(19)：173-174
2. Victor M. Polyneuropathy due to nutritional deficiency and alcoholism. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Lambert EH, Bunge Reds. Peripheral Neuropathy ed. Philadelphia;WB Saunders 1984:1899-1940
3. Mclead JG. Alcoholic Neuropathy .Med J. Aust. 1982;18:274
4. Victor M. et al. Neurologic complications of alcohol abuse. Advances in Neurology, 1978.28(19):605-607
5．焦健．酒精性营养不良J．中国社区医师，2001，17(10)：24-5
6. Fonzi S, Murialdo G, Bo P, et al. The neurogic deficiency of chronic alcoholism. West J Med, 1984.72:312-314
7. Melgaard B. Chronic encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy associated with alcoholism. Dan Med Bull, 1993.40(1):31-33
8. Mclane JA. Decreased axonal transport in rat nerve following acute and chronic ethanol exposure. Alcohol, 1987. 4(5): 385- 9
9. Claus P, Eggers R, Engelhardt A, et al. Ethanol and Polyneuropathy. Acta Neuro Scand, 1985.72:312-314
10. Joyce EM, The toxincosis of alcohol. Br Med Bull, 1994.50(1):99-114
11. Goodwin DW. Schulsinger F, Knop J, et al. Alcoholism and depression in adopted-out daughters of alcoholics. Arch Gen Psychiatry , 1977.34(7):751-5
12．卢祖能，曾庆杏，李承晏，等．临床肌电图学．人民卫生出版社，2000．464．
13．喻璟瑞，吕广能，徐建国．乙醇对神经-肌接头传递的影响[J]．华西医科大学学报，2001，32(2)：274-6
14. Spanagel R, and Holter SM. Long-termalcohol self-administration with repeated alcohol deprivation phases: An animal model of alcoholism? Alcohol and Alcoholism, 1999,34 (2): 231-243.
15. Hines HM: Effects of immobilization and activity on neuromuscular regeneration, JAMA. 1982, 120:515-517
16. Parry CB. Rehabilitation of the Hand. 2nd ed. Butterworths 1966: 19; discussion 107-8
17. Wall JT, Xu J, Wang X, Human brain plasticity:an emerging view of the multiple substrates and mechanisms that cause cortical change and related sensory dysfunctions after injuries of sensory inputs from the body. Brain Res Brain Res Rev, 2002.39(2-3):181-215
18. Hervison GJ, JeweedMM, Ditunno JF: Reinnervating rat skeletal muscle: Effect of 35% grade treadmill exercise. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1982, 63:313-316
19. Fowler WM, Abresch RT: High-repetitive submaximal treadmill exercise training: Effect on normal and dystrophic mice. Arch Phys Med Rehabill, 1990. 71:552-557
20．高谦，吴宗耀，姚志彬，等。运动训练促进小鼠局灶性缺血后肢功能恢复．中华物理医学与康复杂志，2000，22：273-275
21．余茜，李晓红，吴士明，等．运动训练后脑缺血大鼠学习记忆与健侧脑内突触结构变化的关系．中华物理医学与康复杂志，2002，24：399-401
22．涂文静，李承晏，王杨，等。兔慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病动物模型的建立，卒中与神经疾病渣子，2005，2(12)：3—7
1．汤晓芙．临床肌电图学[M]．北京：北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社，1995：193：30-7
2. Mclane JA. Decreased axonal transport in rat nerve following acute and chronic ethanol exposure. Alcohol 1987; 4(5): 385-9
3. Bosch EP, Pelham RW, Rasool CG, et al. Animal models of alcoholic neuropathy: morphologic, electrophysiologic and biochemical findings. Muscle Nerve 1979;2(2): 133-44
4. Mclane JA. Retrograde axonal transport in chronic ethanol-fed and thiamine-deficient rats. Alcohol 1990; 7 (2): 103-6
5. Mclane JA, Atkinson MB, McNutty J, et al. Direct measurement of fast axonal organelle transport in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992; 16 (1):30-7
6. Malatova Z, Cizkova D. Effect of ethanol on axonal transport of cholinergic enzymes in rat sciatic nerve. Alcohol 2002:26 (2): 115 -20
7．喻璨瑞，吕广能，徐建国．乙醇对蟾蜍神经-肌接头传递的影响[J]．华西医科大学学报，2001，32(2)：274-6
8．焦健．酒精性营养不良[J]．中国社区医师，2001，17(10)：24-5
9．焦健．酒精中毒性神经系统损伤[J]．中国社区医师，2001，17(10)：23-4
10. Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of male twins. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156(1): 34 -40
11. Cadoret RJ, Cain CA, Grove WM. Development of alcoholism in adoptees raised apart from alcoholic biologic relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37(5): 561-3
12. Murayana M,Matsushita S,Muramatsu T, et al. Clinical characteristics and disease course of alcoholics with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2. Alcohol C1in Exp Res 1998; 22 (2): 524-7
13. Droge W. Free radicals in the physiolugwal control of cellfunction[J]. Physiol Rev,2002, 82(1):47-95
14. Bianchi A, Becuwe P, Franck P, et al. Induction of MnSODgene by arachidonic acid is mediated by reactive oxygenspecies and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in human HepG2 hepatoma cells.Free Radic Biol Med,2002, 32(11):I132-1142
15. Layhutt DR, Kaneto H, Hasenkamp W, et al. Increased expressionof antioxidant and antiapoptotic gene, in islets 山 at maycontribute top-cell survival during chronic hyperglycemia Diabetes, 2002, 51(2):413-423
16.Lebt G, Schumacker PT, Sb 的 ZH, of sl. ROSNO trigger early pro eonditioning relationship to mitochondria) KATPchannel. Am J Physiol Heart Cire Physiol, 2003, 284(1):11299-11308.
17. Senfilehen U, Karin M. The IKKINF-KB pathway Crit CareMed, 2002, 3 仪 1 Suppl): S18-826
18. UX, Stark GR. NFKB-dependent signaling pathwaysExpHematol, 2002, 30(4)285-296.
19. Low, Nickander KK, Tritschler H1. The roles of oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment m experimental diabetic neumpathyljl. Diabetes, 1997, 46(suppl 2):838-842
20. bud M, Aky, F, Turgut A, et al. Effect of aerobic and anerobie metabolism on free radical generation swimmers p].Med Sci Sports Exero, 2001, 33(4): 564-567.
21. Vider J, Laaksonen DE, Kilk A, et a]. Physical exemise induces activation of NF kappa B in human peripheral Won, lymphocytes [J]. Antioxid Redo, Signal, 2001, 3(6):1131-1137
22. Hollander J, Fiebig R, Gore M, et al. Supemxide dismutase gene expression is activated by a single bout of exercise in rat skeletal muscle 闭 PBugers Amh, 2001, 442(3):426-434.
23. Ji LL. Exercise induced modulation of antioxidant defenselJ]. Ann NY Acad Sci, 2002,959:82-92.
24. Vassilakopoulos T, Deckmmr G, Kebbewur M, et al. Regulation of nitric oxide production in limb and ventilamry muscles during chronic exercise training [J]. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mel Physiol, 2003,284 52-457.
25．江钟立，陈家伟，朱红军等．运动和胰岛索对高血搪大鼠骨骼肌JNK和p38信号传导系统的调节作用阴．中国康复医学杂志，2003，18(2)：69-71．
26．朱红军，江钟立-运动与氧化应滋的预适应田中国康复学杂志，2003，18(2)：122-124
27. Rush JW, Turk JR, Laughlin MH. Exercise training regulates OD-1 and oxidative stress in porcine sonic cndahelium Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2003, 284(4):H1378-387.
28. Hayden MR, Tyagi Is type 2 diahetes mellitus a vascular disease (atherosclempathy)with hyperglycemia e late manifestation The rols of NOS, NO, and redo. stress[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2003,2(1):2.
29．张霞，支爱华，刘儒林等．酒精中毒性周围神经病．中国康复学杂志，2005，9(5)：138-140