摘要
自21世纪以来，中国高等教育进入大众化阶段，经历了从单纯追求规模化发展到多维度探寻有效提高人才培养质量和办学效益阶段，这标志着中国高校开始进入绩效管理时代。作为教育一部分的学校体育与德育、智育紧密结合，其任务是为社会培养德智体全面发展的人才。在如何提升高等教育人才培养质量和效果的理论研究与实践过程中，学校体育承担着重要的责任和义务。然而，国家教育行政管理部门对普通高校学校体育工作一直以各种督导、检查和评估来实现宏观管理和以体育教学示范课、体育教师教学基本功比赛等专项评估来实现微观管理，侧重于对普通高校学校体育组织和个体的阶段性结果评估，缺少一个较为合理的、科学的、长效性的普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系。
本文主要针对普通高校学校体育绩效管理中尚未完全适应我国经济社会和高等教育发展需要的突出问题，通过理论研究完善普通高校学校体育绩效评价指标和构建学校体育绩效管理体系，通过实践研究来验证学校体育绩效管理体系的可行性和科学性，更好地满足经济社会发展对高校人才培养的需要，旨在可以为普通高校学校体育组织利益相关者制定较为科学合理地组织战略绩效目标与个体发展目标提供相关借鉴，为普通高校内部学校体育组织合理的配置学校体育资源提供管理思路与操作范式，在我国普通高校得以推广，并为普通高校学校体育管理的有效性发展走向科学化、合理化，取得更好的效益而服务。
本文由绪论、文献综述等六个部分组成，通过对绩效管理和学校体育绩效管理的研究现状以及高校绩效管理和普通高校学校体育绩效管理研究与实践现状进行文献综述分析，以学校体育学、绩效管理、人力资源管理等理论为研究依据与基础，运用软系统方法论、利益相关者理论、3Es、明茨伯格组织结构理论等系统分析方法，对以发展战略为导向的普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系进行理论构建，在探究普通高校学校体育组织结构特点的基础上，构建了普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系，并对其进行了系统地实践检验研究。
本研究综合运用平衡利益相关者理论、软系统方法论、3E理论选取KPI法、绘制战略图表法等管理学研究方法和工具，设计了基于整体发展战略的普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系和绩效评价指标体系，较为系统地将多种管理方法综合应用到普通高校学校体育绩效管理过程中。主要研究工作与结论总结如下：
首先，将软系统方法论应用于普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系的构建中，构建了一种在组织战略导向下的普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系框架。构建了基于战略分解、流程优化的学校体育绩效评价体系，利用简单易操作的SSM分析方法建立学校体育绩效管理概念模型，运用3E理论完善了具有逻辑连贯性的学校体育绩效评价指标体系。尝试性的解决了现有普通高校学校体育绩效考核评价指标体系建立缺乏科学性、可操作性和逻辑性的问题。
在确定学校体育组织战略后，应用SSM分析方法建立了绩效概念模型，逐级将普通高校学校体育组织战略目标分解细化，有效地转变为切实可行的举措和具体行动。通过绩效沟通和反馈，使教职工的工作目标始终与学校体育的总体计划和目标相一致，收集反馈信息，提取绩效评价指标，建立学校体育绩效管理指标体系，进行目标确定——绩效面谈与辅导——绩效计划——绩效考核——绩效反馈——绩效结果利用与激励等环节而达成了普通高校学校体育绩效管理的全过程。
在构建学校体育绩效管理框架过程中，贯穿了平衡利益相关者利益的思想。探究如何基于利益相关理论在学校体育绩效管理过程中鉴别关键利益相关者与平衡关键利益相关者的利益，在一定程度上解决了学校体育绩效管理在普通高校实施内外动力不足的问题。构建的较为完整的普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系对于国内高校实现绩效考核向全面绩效管理的转变具有一定的现实指导意义，同时，在一定程度上也解决了现有的普通高校学校体育绩效管理中“重结果、轻过程”的难题。
本文以高校的人才培养、科学研究以及社会服务三大职能为导线，运用明茨伯格组织结构理论，分析了学校体育的任务和职能，针对普通高校学校体育组织结构和内部管理体制的特点，初步建立一个普通高校学校体育绩效管理框架。应用SSM分析方法对普通高校学校体育组织进行战略分解，并依据3E理论提取了普通高校学校体育绩效评价指标，同时结合平衡学校体育利益相关者利益，初步构建了较为合理、科学、长效的普通高校学校体育绩效评价指标体系，试图解决目前普通高校学校体育绩效管理评价指标缺乏规范性和科学性的状况，通过实践性研究的检验，为普通高校学校体育组织内部的体育部门(运作核心)如何实施学校体育绩效管理系统提供了借鉴。
本文通过实践研究，以YS大学学校体育组织中运作核心的绩效管理体系试点实施为重点。将构建的学校体育绩效管理体系应用于YS大学内部学校体育组织管理，进行了实践研究。该研究从YS大学提高学校体育管理效力的初衷出发，结合该高校的“十二五”发展规划，明确学校体育发展的战略和目标，并依据学校体育组织机构和职能，按照软系统方法论分析产生的绩效概念模型，通过平衡利益相关者的利益需求，尊重利益相关者的价值取向，构建了YS大学学校体育组织各层级部门绩效可测指标，形成了该大学的学校体育绩效管理体系实施方案，为普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系建设中的岗位设置、职能划分、机构调整、绩效评价、制度建设等提供理论参考。通过检验形成了具有可测量的、逻辑连贯的学校体育绩效评价指标及可操作性较强的学校体育绩效管理实施办法，为普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系的完善和实施提供一些借鉴和帮助。
本文提出的普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系的理论框架尚需进一步细化和完善到学校体育组织职能模块和体育部门内部，以期建立更完善的普通高校学校体育绩效管理体系；本文研究虽然尝试着将学校体育绩效管理体系融入学校内部的教务处、学生工作处、团委和科技处等行政管理领域，但仅限于理论上的研究与尝试，尚需进一步探索、完善和实践，期待将学校体育绩效管理与普通高校内部行政管理、教学质量监控、科研成果评价、人力资源管理等工作有机结合等研究展望。
Since the21st century, China Higher Education entered the popularization stage, whichexperienced from the stage of Mere pursuit of large-scale to multidimensional explorationeffective to enhance the quality of higher education and raise the benefit from RunningSchools stage, which marks the Chinese universities began to enter the era of performancemanagement. As the part of education, School physical education combining with moral,intellectual education and its task is to train comprehensive physical and moral developmenttalent for society. In the theory and practice of process to improve the quality and effect oftalent cultivation of higher education, school physical education undertakes the importantresponsibility and obligation. However, the State Department of education administration onSchool physical education has been in a variety of supervision, examination and evaluation toachieve macroeconomic management and sports teaching demonstration class, PE teachers'basic teaching skills competition and other special assessment to realize micro management,focusing on assessment of the Colleges and Universities School physical educationorganizations and individual stage results, which lack of a long-term reasonable, scientific, theColleges and Universities School physical education performance evaluation managementsystem.
This paper mainly for the the Colleges and Universities School physical educationperformance management has not yet fully adapt to the outstanding problems in China'seconomic and social development needs of higher education, trying to consummate Collegesand Universities School physical education Performance evaluation through theoretical studyand build School physical education performance management system, through practiceresearch to verify Universities feasible and scientific, School physical education performancemanagement system to better meet the needs of economic and social development of theuniversity personnel training, aimed at related interests of the Colleges and UniversitiesSchool physical education organizations to develop more scientific and rational organizationof strategic performance objectives and individual development goals provide relevantreference configuration School physical education internal School physical education organization reasonable resources management way and operating paradigm promoted in ourcolleges and universities, and more scientific validity for the Colleges and Universities Schoolphysical education management development, rationalization, and get better efficiency andservice.
This article was consist of introduction, literature review, research object and method, theColleges and Universities School physical education performance management system tobuild, practice research, conclusions and Prospects. The research status of performancemanagement, and School physical education and college performance management andUniversity School Sports performance management research and practice of the currentsituation analysis, literature review for the study of the basis and foundation of the SchoolPhysical Education, performance management, human resource management theory, usingsoft Systems Methodology, stakeholders theory,3Es, Mintzberg theory of organizationalstructure and system analysis method of the university school sports development strategyoriented performance management system to build theoretical studies, especially to buildColleges and Universities School physical education organizational structure characteristics,performance management system, and the test of practice research was given either.
The theory of the integrated use of balance the interests of stakeholders, SSM,3EMethodology, select KPI, theoretical method, to draw strategy chart, management methodsand tools, design based on the overall strategy Colleges and Universities School physicaleducation performance management system and performance evaluation index system,Systematically the comprehensive application of various management methods into themanagement of school physical education in Colleges and universities in the process ofperformance. The main research work and conclusions are summarized as follows:
SSM was used in the construction of the Colleges and Universities School physicaleducation performance management system, the School physical education performancemanagement system constructed an organizational strategy oriented framework. Constructedbased on the strategic decomposition process optimization School physical educationperformance evaluation system, the development of simple and easy to operate SSM analysismethod to establish School physical education concept of performance management model,using the3E theory form a logical coherence School physical education performance evaluation index system. Try to solve ordinary Colleges and Universities School physicaleducation performance management evaluation system to establish the lack of scientific,operability and logical.
After determining the School physical education organization strategy, using SSManalysis method to establish performance concept model,step by step detailed decompositionuniversity School physical education organizations strategic objectives into practicalinitiatives and concrete actions. Performance communication and feedback, the faculty's workgoals are always consistent with the overall plans and objectives of the School physicaleducation, collecting feedback information extraction performance evaluation, establish theSchool Sports performance management index system, which include targeting-performanceinterviews and counseling-performance plan-performance evaluation-feedback-performance result of the use of incentives and other aspects of performance reached Collegesand Universities School physical education performance management of the whole process.
During the construction of the whole Colleges and Universities School physicaleducation performance management framework, through the balance of the interests ofstakeholders, to explore how to based on the key interests of stakeholder theory in themanagement of School physical education performance evaluation of key stakeholders andbalance the interests of stakeholders.To a certain extent in the management of School physicaleducation performance and the problem of insufficient power in Colleges anduniversities.Construction of the complete Colleges and Universities School physical educationperformance management system for the implementation of performance evaluation indomestic universities to comprehensive performance management has certain practicalsignificance, at the same time, also to some extent in the the existing Colleges andUniversities School physical education performance management results than processproblems.
On the university personnel training, scientific research and social service functions ofthe three wires, using Mintzberg's theory of organization structure, we analyze the tasks andfunctions of school physical education, based on the characteristics of the school physicaleducation organizational structure of University and the internal management system, initiallyestablished a college sports performance management framework. By using the Application of SSM method we can analyze the strategic decomposition of the school physical educationorganizations in universities, and on the basis of3E theory we extract the evaluation index forordinary school physical education performance, combined with the balance of schoolphysical education interests of stakeholders, the initial, reasonable, scientific, effective schoolphysical education performance evaluation index system was established, trying to solve thecurrent management of school physical education performance colleges and universitiesevaluation index of scientific norms of the state, through the test of practice research, as theinternal school sports in Colleges and universities school physical education departments(operation core) provides a reference to the implementation of school physical educationperformance management system.
Research through practice, focus on the implementation of the performance managementsystem operate YS University school physical education Organization. YS University theinternal school physical education organization and management to build school physicaleducation performance management system used in practice. The study from the YSUniversity improve the original intention of the management effectiveness of school physicaleducation, the "12th Five-Year" Development Plan in conjunction with the university, a clearschool physical education development strategy and objectives, and the basis for schoolphysical education organizations and functions, in accordance with the Soft SystemsMethodology Analysis the performance conceptual model, based on the stakeholder theory, bybalancing the interests of stakeholders interests and needs, respect for the value orientation ofthe stakeholders to build school physical education organizations at all levels of performance,measurable indicators of the formation of the Colleges and universities school physicaleducation performance management system embodiment of the, post school physicaleducation in the performance management system, setting, allocation of functions,institutional adjustment, performance evaluation, and institution building to provide atheoretical reference. Formed with measurable, coherent logic school physical educationperformance evaluation by examining, build a strong operability school physical educationperformance management implementation measures for Colleges and universities schoolphysical education construction and implementation of the performance management systemto provide some reference and help.
In this paper, the theoretical framework of the Colleges and universities school physicaleducation performance management system needs to further refine and improve to thefunctional modules and the sports department of the school physical education organizationsinternal for Optimization University school physical education performance managementsystem; Although in this paper, we are trying to integrated school physical educationperformance management system into the Office of Academic Affairs, student AffairsDepartment, the Communist Youth League and technology at the administrative field, whichis only in the theoretical study and attempt, and needed to further exploration, improvementand practice. The prospect of the study on the school physical education performancemanagement and college internal administrative management, monitoring the quality ofteaching, scientific research evaluation, human resources management work organically.
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