摘要
本文针对鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界碎屑岩储层的特征，运用岩石物理模拟实验和地质理论分析相结合的方法，揭示了高效储层的成因机理及主控因素，建立了次生孔隙成因演化模式，预测的有利勘探目标直接指导了油田上古生界勘探方向的转移。研究成果及创新在于：
依据露头区基岩特征、探井基岩岩性特征、区域性不整合面、砂岩碎屑组分标型特征、区域大地构造背景分析，证实研究区物源方向主要来此北部，首次提出了东西部物源差异。
明确提出了鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界砂岩高效储层的主要储集空间为各种类型的溶蚀孔隙和残余粒间孔，明确提出易溶组分特别是蚀变凝灰质的溶蚀是形成苏里格气田盒8次生孔隙的主要成因。
提出了有机酸和无机酸的溶蚀机制差异，无机酸和凝灰质等易溶组分反应形成高岭石、石英，钾、钠离子被流体带出，产生孔隙；有机酸对凝灰质等易溶组分的溶蚀与无机酸不同，有机酸可使凝灰质中的Al~(3+)形成络合物，被流体带走而产生孔隙，凝灰质的铸模孔可能与凝灰质在有机酸中的溶蚀有关。
在本区首次利用环境扫描电镜等先进技术开展了不同类型砂岩的酸溶模拟实验，通过实验证实在弱酸介质条件下，凝灰质石英砂岩溶蚀最为强烈，长石具有不明显的溶蚀，石英砂岩未发生溶蚀，且随酸度增加凝灰质砂岩溶蚀量加大。
首次提出了研究区次生孔隙的四种成因，即①构造微裂缝溶蚀型，②杂基裂隙化溶蚀型，③碳酸盐矿物埋藏溶蚀型和④铝硅质组分埋藏、交代、溶蚀型。建立了苏里格地区盒8段石英砂岩储层的次生孔隙演化模式。预测出榆林南、天环北两个有利勘探目标，西部前陆一个潜在勘探目标。
研究成果直接指导了油田分公司上古天然气勘探重点由神木地区向榆林地区的转移，并使榆林地区的勘探取得重大突破，获得一批高产工业气流井，形成2000×10~8m~3以上规模的富气区。同时通过研究提出的天环北、西部前陆也已引起油田公司高度重视。
By the methods of combining the lab of rock physical simulation with geology theory analysis, the characteristics of the terrigenous clastic rock reservoir of upper Palaeozoic in the north of Ordos Basin have been studied. It reveals the forming mechanism and the key controlling factors of the effective reservoir and establishes the secondary pore evolution models in Ordos Basin. The predicted advantageous exploitation objects by this have changed the exploitation direction in upper Palaeozoic. The results and the creations in the paper are as follows:
Based on the outcrop character, lithology character of exploitation well, the regional disconformity interface, the standard character of detrital composition in sandstone and the regional geotectonic background analysis, it is proved that the direction of source is coming from the north of the studied area, and points out the difference of source between the east and the west for the first time.
The author bring forward clearly that all sorts of dissolution pores and the residual intergranular pores are the main space of the effective reservoir of upper Palaeozonic in the north of Ordos Basin. The easily-dissolved matters, especially the dissolved of the tuffaceous is the key to form the secondary pores of lower Shihezhi Formation upward in Sulige gas field.
It is that the present paper points out the difference of dissolved mechanism between organic acid and inorganic acid. The interaction results of inorganic acid and tuffaceous sandstone produce Kaolinite and Quartz, K+ and Na+ are taken out by liquid and the pores be formed. As for the easily dissolved tuffaceous matters, the dissolution of organic acid is different from inorganic acid. The former can change Al+ of tuffaceous matters into complex compound, and are taken out by the liquid and formed the pores. The tuffaceous mold pores are probably related to the dissolution of tuffaceous matters into organic acid.
Using ESEM2020 firstly, the acid dissolved simulation experiment of sorts of sandstone has been done in the field. Under the weak acid medium conditions, the tuffaceous sandstone is easily dissolved, but the feldspar is opposite. The pure sandstone is hardly dissolved, and the amount of dissolution will increases with the rise of the tuffaceous matters.
The author put forward firstly four kinds of secondary pore origins, which are the structure microfissure-dissolved digenetic face, the matrix-supported digenetic face, the carbon-dissolved digenetic face, and the siallite-burial-cementing-replacing digenetic face. And it is been established of the secondary pore evolution models of lower Shihezi Formation upwards
sandstone reservoirs in Sulige gas field. Two advantageous exploitation objects have been predicted in the south of Yulin and in the north of Tianhuan districts, and there is a potential exploitation object in the west of the foreland.
The study in the paper directly lead to the transition of key exploitation from Shenmu district to Yulin , and it brings about great achievements, which gain a series of high-production gas well, with the scale of 2000 X 108m3gas field. Through the study, the north of Tianhuan and the west of foreland basin bring great attention for the oil field leaders.
The study results directly lead to the exploitation direction change from Shenmu district to Yulin , and it brings about great achievements, which gain a series of high-production gas well, with the scale of 2000 X 108m3gas field. Through the study, the author provides that the north of Tianhuan and the west of foreland basin are the potential exploitation object. That has brought great attention for the oil field leaders.
引文
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86、邵龙义、窦建伟、张鹏飞，含煤岩系沉积学和层序地层学研究现状和展望，煤田地质与勘探，1998，第26卷，第1期
87、郭英海、汪泽成等，鄂尔多斯地区晚古生代沉积体系及古地理演化，沉积学报，1998，第16卷，第3期
88、李振铎、胡义军、谭军，鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界深盆气研究，天然气工业，1998，第18卷，第3期
89、吴熙纯、李培华、张福礼等，鄂尔多斯南部古生代储盖组和及评价，1998，第19卷，第1期19
90、周江羽，吴冲龙，韩志军，1998鄂尔多斯盆地的地热场特征与有机质成熟度，石油试验地质，1998，第20卷，第1期
91、杨香华、孙永传、李惠生等，长石溶解质量平衡对储层质量的影响，石油勘探与开发，1998，第25卷，第3期
92、刘林玉，陈刚，柳益群等，碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析，沉积学报，1998，第16卷，第2期
93、李素珍、蒋阗、汪绪刚等，应用环境扫描电镜研究砂岩储层的酸蚀，电子显微学报，1998，第17卷，第5期
94、洪峰、宋岩、赵林，鄂尔多斯盆地北部天然气成藏控制因素，天然气工业，1998，第18卷，第5期
95、黄福堂、邹信方、张作祥，地层水中主要酸类对储层物性影响因素研究，大庆石油地质与开发，1998，第17卷，第3期
96、柳少波、顾家裕，包裹体在石油地质研究中的应用与问题讨论，石油与天然气地质，1997，第8卷，第4期
97、王震亮、陈荷立，鄂尔多斯盆地中部上古生界古流体动力分析，沉积学报，1998，第12卷，第4期
98、郑旭明、李良、刘德汉，应用矿物包裹体研究鄂尔多斯盆地古生界热史和油气演化阶段，矿物岩石地球化学通报，1997，第16卷，第1期
99、高先志、廖鲁海、王立武等，鄂尔多斯盆地中东部地区上古生界天然气储藏系统形成特征，石油大学学报，1997，第21卷，第6期
100、刘钦甫、杨晓杰，有机酸对高岭石形成影响的模拟试验研究，煤田地质与勘探，1996，第2期
101、任战利，鄂尔多斯盆地地热演化史与油气关系的研究，石油学报，1996，第17卷，第1期
102、朱抱荃、程中第、应凤祥，地层干酪根有机酸与储层次生孔隙的关系，石油实验地质，1996，第18卷，第2期
103、李增学等，内陆表海含煤盆地Ⅲ级层序的划分原则及基本构成特点，地质科学，1996，第31卷，第2期
104、蔡春芳，沉积盆地中流体—岩石相互作用研究的现状，地球科学进展，1996
105、李增学等，华北南部晚古生代陆表海盆地层序格架与海平面变化，岩相古地理，1996，第16卷，第5期
106、石发展、罗静兰，鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界成岩后生作用及储集性，西北大学学报，1996，第26卷，第6期
107、罗明高，确定沉积岩成岩作用顺序的定量方法，沉积学报，1995
108、彭格林、钟蓉，华北西缘太原组火山事件沉积的发现及太原组地层对比，现代地质，1995，第9卷，第1期
109、程中第、应凤祥，油田水中低碳酸的分析，石油实验地质，1995
110、李思田、林畅松，大型陆相盆地层序学研究—以鄂尔多斯盆地为例，地学前缘，1995，第2卷，第3期
111、马振芳、黄月明等，陕甘宁盆地中部气田白云岩储层孔洞充填物与储集性．石油勘探与开发，1995
112、覃建雄、徐国盛，鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层深埋次生孔隙研究．西安石油学院学报 1995，第10卷，第4期
113、李龙滟、何千里，鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组储气层的裂缝发育特征．江汉石油学院学报．1995，第17卷，第1期
114、任战利，利用磷灰石，裂变径迹法研究鄂尔多斯盆地地热史，地球物理学报 1995，第38卷，第3期
115、杨俊杰、黄月明、张文正等，乙酸对长石砂岩溶蚀作用的实验模拟，石油勘探与开发，1995，第22卷，第4期
116、张博全、关振良、潘琳，鄂尔多斯盆地碳酸盐岩的压实作用，地球科学—中国地质大学学报，1995，第20卷，第3期
117、顾家裕，陆相盆地层序地层学格架概念及模式，石油勘探与开发，1995，第22卷，第4期
118、陈世悦、刘焕杰，华北晚古生代海平面研究，岩相古地理，1995，第15卷，第5期
119、黄思静、杨俊杰、张文正等，不同温度条件下乙酸对长石溶蚀过程的实验研究，沉积学报，1995
120、林壬子、张敏，储层地球化学研究进展及应用，国外油气勘探，1995
121、史基安，晋慧娟，薛莲花，长石砂岩中长石溶解作用发育机理及其影响因素分析，沉积学报，1994，第12卷，第3期
122、郭忠铭、张军、于忠平，鄂尔多斯地块油区构造演化，石油勘探与开发．1994，第21卷，第2期
123、任战利、赵重远、张军等，鄂尔多斯盆地古地温研究，沉积学报，1994，第12卷，第1期
124、蔡进功，内蒙古西南部石炭纪层序地层学及相对海平面变化，岩相地理，1994，第14卷，第3期
125、陈世悦，华北石碳—二叠纪层序地层学研究的特点，岩相古地理，1994，第14卷，第5期
126、解习农、李思田，陆相盆地层序地层学研究特点，地质科技情报，1993，第12卷，第1期
127、鲁观清，卢焕章．流体包裹体同位素年代学与放射成因同位素研究评述，地质地球化学，1993，第1期
128、陈传平、梅博文、毛志超，二元羧酸对硅酸盐矿物溶解的实验初步研究，矿物岩石，1993
129、杨奕华、黄月明，鄂尔多斯西部天然气储层的孔隙特征，江汉石油学院学报，1992，第14卷，第2期
130、薛良清，层序地层学在湖相盆地中的应用探讨，石油勘探与开发，1990，第6期
131、张士亚，华北地台石炭、二叠纪煤系的热演化及油气远景评价，石油试验地质，1990，第12卷，第4期
132、彭大钧、李仲东、刘兴材等，济阳盆地沉积型异常高压带及深部油气资源的研究，石油学报，1988，第9卷，第3期
133、朱国华等，陕北浊沸石次生孔隙砂体的形成与油气关系，石油学报，1985，第6卷，第3期
134、Gouze P, Coudrain R A, Chemical reactions and porosity changes during sedimentary diagenesis, Applied Geochemistry, 2002, 17(1)
135、Akaegbobi I M, Adeleye M A, Diagenesis and its implications on the reservoir quality, of parts of Ajalli Sandstone in the Cretaceous Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria. In: American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2001 annual meeting. Denver, CO, United States, 2001, June
136、Brown K M, Saffer D M, Bekins B A, Smectite diagenesis, pore-water freshening, and fluid flow at the toe of the Nankai wedge, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2001, 194(1～2)
137、Kameda A; Dvorkin J, Effects of texture and diagenesis on permeability and porosity of sandstones, Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting. Boston, MA, United States,, 2001, 1～10.
138、Wilkinson M, Kitty L M, Haszeldine R S, System destruction of K-feldspar in deeply buried rift and passive margin sandstones, Journal of the Geological Societh, London, 2001, 158
139、Goodall T M; North C P, Surface And Subsurface Sedimentary Structures Produced by Salt Crusts, Sedimentology, 2000, 47(1)
140、Zhang. S. N, BjorlykkeK, Quartz cement in Middle Jurassic reservoir sandstones m North Sea: a review, Part: Duration and silica sources.沉积学报, 2000, 18(1)
141、Wen R J; Naess A, Process Oriented Stochastic Modeling And Simulation-Theory And Applications in Generating Petrophysical Models of Sedimentary Structures, Eage/Spe Petrol Geostatistics Int Symp, 1999, 4
142、Zhang.S.N, BjorlykkeK, Quartz cement in Middle Jurassic reservoir sandstones in North Sea: areview, Part:Occurrence and character.沉积学报, 1999, 17(2)
143、M. Robin, R. Combes, and E. Rosenberg. Cryo-SEM and ESEM: New techniques to investigate phase interactions within Reservoir Rocks, 1999, SPE56829
144、Lanson B; Velde B; Meunier A, Late-Stage Diagenesis of Illitic Clay Minerals as Seen By Decomposition of X-Ray Diffraction Patterns: Contrasted Behaviors of Sedimentary Basins With Different Burial Histories, Clays Clay Minerals, 1998, 46 (1)
145、Bjorlykke K, Clay mineral diagenesis in sedimentary basins—a key to the prediction of rock properties, Examples from the North Sea Basin, Clay Mineral, 1998, 33
146、Chen H H, Li S T, Sun Y C et al., Two petroleum systems charge YA13-1 gas field in Qiongdongnan and Yinggehai Basins, South China Sea, AAPG Bull, 1998, 82(5A)
147、Wilkinson J Lonergan L, Fairs T, etal, Fluid inclusion constraints on conditions and timing of hydrocarbon migration and quartz cementation in Brent Group reservoir and stones, Columba Terrace,northern North Sea. Parnell J. Dating and duration of fluid flow and fluid rock interaction. Spec. Pub. Geol. Soc. London, 1998, 144
148、Parnell J, Dating and duration of fluid flow and fluid rock interaction. Spec. Pub. Geol. Soc. London, 1998, 144
149、Osborne M J; Swarbrick R E, How Overpressure and Diagenesis Interact in Sedimentary. Basins-Consequences for Porosity Preservation in Hpht (High Pressure-High Temperature) Reservoir Sandstones, 1997
150、Cauditl M R, Physical Compaction of Vertic Palaeosols: Implications For Burial Diagenesis and Palaeo-Precipitation Estimates, Sedimentology, 1997, 44(4)4
151、M.Robin, R.Combes, F.Degreve, Wettability of Proous Media From Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy: From Model To Reservoir Rocks, 1997, SPE 37235
152、Lynch F L, Frio Shale Mineralogy and The Stoichiometry of The Smectite-To-Illite Reaction: The Most Important Reaction in Clastic Sedimentary. Diagenesis, Clays Clay Minerals, 1997, 45 (5)
153、Herron M M; Matteson A, Dual-Range Ft-Ir, Mineralogy And The Analysis of Sedimentary Formations, 1997, Soc Core Anal Int Symp
154、Aharonov E; Rothman D H, Transport Properties and Diagenesis in Sedimentary Rocks: The Role of Micro-Scale Geometry, Geology, 1997, 25 (6)
155、Oxtoby N, Gluyas J,, Discussion on aluminum loss during sandstone diagenesis, Journal of Geological Society, London, 1997, 154
156、Primmer T J, Cade C A, Evans J G, Gluyas, M S, et al., Global patterns in sandstone diagenesis: their application to reservoir quality, prediction for petroleum exploration, In: Kupecz J A G, Bloch S (eds), Reservoir quality prediction in sandstones and carbonates, AAPG Memoir, 1997, 69
157、Padmalal D, Sedimentary Structures and Texture of The Warkalli Sandstone (Mio-Pliocene) at Cherunniyoor, Kerala, Geol Soc India, 1996, 48(4)
158、Sweet M L; Blewden C J, Modeling Heterogeneity in a Low-Permeability Gas Reservoir Using Geostatistical Techniques, Hyde Field, Southern North Sea, AAPG, 1996, 80 (11)
159、Coskuner G; Lutes B, Optimizing Field Development Through Infill Drilling Coupled With Surface Network: A Case Study of Low Permeability Gas Reservoir, 1996, Spe-36705
160、Crouch S V, Development of A Tight Gas Reservoir by a Multiple Fraced Horizontal Well, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996
161、Salvatore C, Tor N, Petrology and Diagenesis of the Eocene Butano Sandstone, The Journal of Geology, 1996, 104
162、Wilkinson, M, Haszeldine R S, Aluminium loss from arkoses produces diagenetic quartzites and secondary porosity: Fulmar Formation, North Sea, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 1996, 153
163、Wong P Z, Transport Properties of Sedimentary Rocks, Gas Res Inst Rep, 1996, No Gri-96/0377
164、Kruuskraa V; Decker D, Naturally Fractured Tight Gas Reservoir Detection Optimization: Piceance Basin, Leading Edge, 1996, 15(8)
165、Roberts A P; Bentz D P, Correlating Microstructure To The Petrophysical Properties of Porous Rocks, 1996,
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166、Schleuter E M, Predicting Permeability of Sedimentary Rocks From Microstructure, 1995
167、Bloch S, Helmold K P, Approaches to predicting reservoir quality in sandstones, AAPG Bulletin,, 1995, 79(1)
168、Boyd R. J, Lewis. D. W, Sandstone diagenesis related to varying burial depth and temperature in Greymouth Coalfield, South Island, New Zealand of Geology and Geophysics, 1995, 38
169、Surdam R C^Iverson W P^Yin P. Gas reservoir sweet spot detection and delineation in Rocky Mountain Laramide Basins: Topical Report, GAS RES INST REP NO GR/-95/0443 OCT 1995
170、Petit F M; Caline B, Ulti-Step Geostatistical Modelling of A Complex Reservoir Based on Quantified Sedimentary Models And Characterization of Core Petrophysical Groups, 1995
171、Plumb R A, Influence of Composition And Texture on The Failure Properties of Clastic Rocks, 1994, Spe 28022
172、Lee W J; Hopkins C W, Characterization of Tight Reservoirs, Petrol Technology 1994(46) 11: 956-964
173、Kleinberg R L; Kenyon W E, Mechanism of Nmr Relaxation of Fluids In Rock, J Magnet Resonance, 1994, Ser A V 108, (2)
174、Mclaughlin, O M, Haszeldme, R S, Fallick A E, Rogers G, The case of the missing clay, aluminium loss and secondary porosity, South Brae Oilfield, North Sea, Clay Mineral, 1994. 29
175、Wilson M D. Reservoir Quality Assessment and Prediction in Clastic Rocks, SEPM Short Course 1994, 30.
176、Renaud Gauchet, Pascal Cheneviere, and J-P. Tricart, Visualization of Rock Samples in Their Nature State Using Environmental Scanning Electron Micriscope. SPE 26620, 1993: 115-126
177、Nedkvitne T Karlsen D A, Bjorlykke K,etal.relationship between reservoir diagenetic evolution and petroleum emplacement in the Ula Field, North Sea. Petrol. Geol, 1993, 10: 255～270.
178、Osbome M, Haszeldine S. Evidence for reseting of fluid inclusion temperations form quartz cements in oil fields. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 1993, 10: 271～294.
180、Barth T. and Bjrlvkke K., Organic acids from source rock maturation: generation potentials, transport mechanisms and relevance for mineral diagenesis. Applied Geochemistry, 1993
181、Baccar M. B. and Fritz B., Geochemical modening of sandstone diagenesis and its consequences on the evolution of porosity. Applied Geochemistry, 1993
182、Surdam R C, Jiao Z S, Macgowan D B, Redox reactions involving hydrocarbons and mineral oxidants: A mechanism for significant porosity enhancement in sandstones: AAPG, 1993. 77
183、Ehrenberg S N, Preservation of anomalously high porosity in deeply buried sandstones by grain-coating: example from the Norwegian continental shelf, AAPG Bulletin, 1993, 74(12)
184、Surdam R C,Jiao Z S,MacGowan D B, Redoxreactions involving hydrocarbon sand mineral oxidants: A mechanism for significant porosity enhancement in sandstones:AAPG,1993,77
185、Karlsen D A, Nedkvitne T, Larter S R, etal. Hydrocarbon composition of anthigenicinc inclusions:application to elucidation of petroleum reservoir oil filling history. Geochemica et Comochimica Acta, 1993,57(15)
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187、Millken K L, Chemical behavior of detrital feldspars in mudrocks versus sandstones, Frio Formation (Oligocene) South Texas, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1992. 62
188、Wollklast R, Chou L, Surface reactions during the early stages of weathering of albite, Geochimica et Cosmochinmica Acta, 1992. 56
189、Welch S A, Ullman W J, The effect of organic acids on plagioclase dissolution rotes and stoichiometry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1992. 57
190、Summer N S; Verosub K L, Diagenesis and Organic Maturation of Sedimentary. Rocks Under Volcanic Strata, Oregon, AAPG 1992, 76(8)
191、Longstaffe F J; Tilley B J, Controls on Porewater Evolution During Sandstone Diagenesis, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: an Oxygen Isotope Perspective, 1992, 47
192、Bennett, P. C., Quartz dissolution in organic-rich aqueous systems. Geochim. Cosmochim., 1991, Acta, 55
193、Bloch S. Empirical prediction of porosity and permeability in sandstones. AAPG, 1991, 75: 1145-1160.
194、P. P. Jadhunandan and N. R. Morrow Effect of wettability on Waterflood Recovery for Crude-Oil/Brine/rock Systems. SPE22597, 1991
195、Bennett P C, Siegel D I, Hill B M, Glaser P H, Fates of silicate minerals in a peat bog. Geology, 1991, 19
196、Schmoker J W, Higley D K, Porosity trends of the Lower Cretaceous J sandstone, Denver basin, Colorad, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1991. 61(6)
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207、Surdam R C, Crossey L J, Hagen E S, et al., Organic-inorganic interactions and sandstone diagenesis. AAPG, 1989. 73(1).
208、Mcbride E F. Quartz cement in sandstones: a review. Earth Science Review—s,1989,26
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211、Dixon S A, et al., Digenesis and preservation of porosity in Norphlet Formation (Upper Jurassic), Southern Alabama, AAPG Bulletin, 1989, 73(6)
212、Mcbride E F, Quartz cement in sandstone: a review, Earth Science Reviews, 1989. 26
213、Millken K L, Mcbride E F, Land L S, Numerical assessment of dissolution versus replacement in the subsurface destruction of detrital feldspars, Frio Formation, South Texas, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1989. 59
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