摘要
为准确地检测评价发射药的动态力学性能,分别设计建立了发射药自身动态力学性能和发射药装药床动态力学性能的实验装置及其检测评价方法。采用落锤撞击装置对单粒发射药进行撞击实验,检测发射药自身的动态力学性能；采用高低压发射原理推动装填被试发射药的运载器,控制运载器的运动速度对发射药床施加相应的撞击与挤压作用,检测发射药床的动态力学性能。结合密闭爆发器燃烧实验,研究分析发射药撞击前后的初始动态活度比,提出了发射药破碎度的定量评价参数和与参照样品相对比较的评价方法,并选择典型发射药样品进行了检测评价的应用研究。研究结果表明：
(1)发射药自身抗撞击实验样品状态对实验结果影响显著,样品在实验之前应进行修平处理,否则对实验造成较大误差。通过吸湿性对破碎度影响研究,吸湿性对破碎度影响很小,药粒在保低温时,不需要将其进行密封处理。
(2)通过研究单位面积撞击能与破碎度关系,对药形不同的药粒利用单位面积撞击能作为发射药自身动态力学性能评价标准较为准确。
(3)通过建立发射药床动态力学性能评价方法及实验装置,分析实验装置的可控性,根据改变高压室装药量控制运载器初速可行,随着高压室装药量增加,运载器初速增加,变化范围为31.8m/s～199.5m/s。分析实验装置的稳定性,根据平行三发相同高压室装药量数据,装置速度极差可控制在3.5m/s-4.5m/s,符合装置设计要求。
(4)通过实验及评价方法对不同类型发射药的抗冲力学性能进行比较,单基药的抗冲力学性能强于其他药种,太根药与双基药抗冲力学性能无明显差异,三基药抗冲力学性能在相同实验条件下弱于其他药种,且随着黑索金含量升高其抗冲力学性能下降。
Evaluation for the accurate detection of dynamic mechanical properties of propellant, established the dynamic mechanical properties of propellant itself and Dynamicmechanical properties of propellant bed experimental setup and testevaluation. Droping hammer impact device using a single propellant grain for crash tests to detecte propellant dynamic mechanical properties of its own. Using High and low emission principle is to promote the loading test of launch vehiclepropellant. By controling the velocity of the launch vehicle propellant bed to exert impact and the corresponding compression to detecte of propellant mechanical properties of the bed. With closed bomb combustion experiments, researched and analysised before and after the initial impact propellant dynamic activitythan. Proposed fragmentation of propellant quantitative evaluation parameters and evaluation of the reference sample method is relatively. Choose a typical propellant samples were tested application of the evaluation. Studies have shown that:
(1) Launch their own anti-drug state of the experimental impact test samples significantly affected the results. Samples should be revised before the experiment level processing Otherwise, the experimental result in large errors. Affected by moisture absorption study of fragmentation, fragmentation has little effecton moisture absorption, drug particles in the low temperature protection, do not need to be sealed
(2) By studying the impact per unit area with fragmentation between the different drugson the drugs-shaped particles hit per unit area can be used as a propellant dynamic mechanical properties of its own evaluation criteria are more accurate.
(3) Propellant bed through the establishment of evaluation methods and dynamic mechanical properties of experimental devices, the controllability analysis of experimental apparatus, according to changes in high-pressure chamber loadingdose control launch vehicle velocity possible, with the high pressure chamber to increase the amount of charge, vehicles to increase muzzle velocity. Range of 31.8m/s to 199.5m/s, Stability analysis of the experimental device, according to the same high-pressurechamber parallel to three rounds of data loading dose. poor speed control device range 3.5m/s to 4.5m/s, in line with device design requirements.
(4) Through experiments and evaluation methods analyz different types of propellant. Propellant at low temperatures is fragile, yet it is strong plastic at normal temperature. Impact strength at low temperatures significantly lower than the normal temperature impact strength.
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