机械式水稻植质钵盘精量播种装置机理与参数研究
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摘要
在系统分析国内外水稻钵盘精量播种装置研究现状的基础上,针对寒地水稻钵育技术的要求,以水稻芽种物理特性为基础,通过理论与试验相结合的方法,对机械式水稻植质钵盘精量播种装置机理与参数进行了研究与探索。
     1.以黑龙江省常用水稻品种:龙粳26、垦鉴稻6、空育131、垦稻12为研究对象,对影响播种的水稻芽种物理特性进行研究,获得了稻种三轴尺寸、千粒重等物理特性,并通过对比分析确定了本论文研究机械式水稻植质钵盘精量播种装置所需的试验材料。该问题的解决确定了本论文研究机械式水稻植质钵盘精量播种装置机理与参数所需的试验材料及其基本物理特性,为播种装置的研究提供了基本数据。
     2.运用微分方程,建立了充种过程稻种运动模型,并归类总结了充种过程中稻种可能的运动情况,获得了充种过程中稻种运动轨迹以及影响充种性能的主要因素,并根据生产中常用的型孔尺寸以及稻种的物理特性确定了种箱运动速度的取值范围。该问题的解决揭示了充种机理,为充种试验中影响因素及其变化范围的确定提供了理论依据。
     3.根据充种过程理论研究结果,选取型孔直径、型孔厚度、种箱速度三个因素进行了单因素试验研究,确定了较佳尺寸。选取型孔直径、型孔厚度、种箱速度三个因素进行多因素试验,依据二次正交旋转组合设计的试验方法,建立了各因素对性能指标的回归方程,探讨了各因素对性能指标的影响规律。通过回归分析,得出影响性能指标的主次因素。采用主目标函数法,运用MATLAB进行优化求解,确定了比较理想的结构参数。该问题的解决为投种过程机理的研究提供了基本数据,为提高机械式水稻植质钵盘精量播种装置播种性能提供了充种过程最佳参数。
     4.运用第二拉格朗日方程构建了播种装置投种过程动力学模型并进行了仿真分析,获得了翻板角位移、角速度、角加速度和稻种相对于翻板的位移、速度、加速度与时间的关系曲线以及稻种与翻板分离过程的运动位移、速度与稻种初始位置的变化曲线。该问题的解决揭示了机械式水稻植质钵盘精量播种装置投种机理。
     5.基于机械式水稻植质钵盘精量播种装置投种机理,利用速度、加速度合成定理构建了播种装置投种过程稻种运动模型并进行了仿真,获得了稻种与翻板分离前、后的运动规律、稻种垂直位移取值范围以及稻种与翻板的分离条件。
     6.利用高速摄像技术对稻种运动过程进行了观察分析,获得了投种过程稻种运动规律以及凸轮转速对稻种运动规律的影响,确定了稻种垂直位移取值范围,并与理论模型仿真得出的不同稻种与翻板分离前后的运动轨迹、速度图进行对比分析,证明了理论模型的有效性。该问题的解决为播种装置试验研究中影响因素及其变化范围的确定提供了理论依据。
     7.根据播种装置充种、投种过程的理论、试验研究结果,选取秧盘钵孔与型孔中心距、稻种垂直位移、凸轮转速三个因素,进行单因素试验研究,确定了较佳尺寸。根据单因素试验结果,选取秧盘钵孔与型孔中心距、稻种垂直位移、凸轮转速三个因素进行多因素试验,依据二次正交旋转组合设计的试验方法,建立了各因素对性能指标的回归方程,探讨了各因素对播种性能指标的影响规律。通过回归分析,得出影响播种性能指标的主次因素。采用主目标函数法,运用MATLAB进行优化求解,确定了比较理想的结构参数,进一步提高了植质水稻钵盘精量播种装置的播种性能。
On the base of summarizing and analyzing the existing state of domestic and foreign research andrice bud seed physical properties, according to requirements of technology about rice seedling planting,through the comprehensive method of theory analysis and experiments, study and explore on the Mechanismand parameters of rice bowl dish precision seeder.
     1.The object of study on Longjing26, Kenjiandao6, Kongyu131, Ken Rice12, study on rice bud seedphysical properties, obtain impact moisture content on rice bud seed physical properties, determine moisturecontent of rice bud seed and the main distribution range of geometric axis size and grain weight, providingbasic data in the filling and dropping process
     2.On the base of filling characteristic of rice bowl dish precision seeder, establish motion mode of rice inthe filling process on the premise of some reasoning assumption by theorem of motion of the centroid,determine rice seed boxes horizontal velocity range, provide a theoretical basis for the trial study.
     3.Test study of single factor on brush species high, shaped hole thickness, seed boxes velocity andanalyze the influence to performance indicators and determined adaptive dimension. According to the teststudy result of single factor and results of theoretical analysis, select three factors, shaped hole diameter,shaped hole thickness and seed boxes velocity and designed multi-factor test. The regression model about theperformance index and factors were obtained by quadratic orthogonal rotary experimental design anddiscussed the influence regularity of different factors on performance indexes. Obtain the principal factors byregression analysis. Adopt main objective function, use equation of regression of different performance indexand optimize the result by MATLAB, obtain the optimized factors.
     4.On the base of dropping characteristic of rice bowl dish precision seeder, establish dynamic model ofrice in the dropping process on the premise of some reasoning assumption by second lagrange equation,simulating the dynamic model, obtain relation curves of transfer angular displacement, angular velocity,angular acceleration and time, curves of rice displacement, velocity, acceleration and time. obtain relationcurves of the rice motion displacement, motion velocity and rice initial position
     5.On the base of dropping characteristic of rice bowl dish precision seeder, establish motion mode ofrice in the dropping process on the premise of some reasoning assumption,simulating the motion model,obtain the motion law of rice in the dropping processing before and after rice and flap separation and thecourse of rice campaign, determine the maximum vertical displacement and separation conditions of rice andflap.
     6. Observe and analysis the motion condition of rice had been photographed on line by the high-speedphotography. Obtain the motion law of rice in the dropping processing and the impact of cam speed on rice lawof motion, identified rice optimum vertical displacement, comparative analysis and theoretical modelsimulation results and proved the validity of the theoretical model.
     7. Test study of single factor on shaped hole diameter, rice vertical displacement, cam speed and analyzethe influence to performance indicators and determined adaptive dimension. According to the test study resultof single factor, select three factors, shaped hole diameter, rice vertical displacement, cam speed and designed multi-factor test. The regression model about the performance index and factors were obtained by quadraticorthogonal rotary experimental design and discussed the influence regularity of different factors onperformance indexes. Obtain the principal factors by regression analysis. Adopt main objective function, useequation of regression of different performance index and optimize the result by MATLAB, obtain theoptimized factors.
引文
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