低温贮藏期间荠菜品质和生理特性变化研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
新鲜荠菜去除根须、腐坏和黄叶片,按200g/袋装入塑料袋,并按挽口和敞口两种方式包装后置0℃环境贮藏,每处理重复三次。贮藏期间每3天测定荠菜组织的失重率、黄化率、超氧阴离子(O_2~-)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量、叶绿素含量和叶绿素酶活性、纤维素含量和纤维素酶活性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,研究荠菜冷藏过程中品质和生理特性的变化,结果如下:
     1、0℃贮藏条件下,不论挽口还是敞口包装的新鲜荠菜前6天均未发生明显失重,6天后敞口包装荠菜重量损失随时间的延长迅速增加,贮藏12天后的荠菜失重率达到7.3%,显著高于相同条件下挽口包装荠菜2.0%的失重率。
     2、0℃冷藏条件下,新鲜荠菜黄化前6天相对较慢,以后随时间延长而迅速增加,贮藏结束时两种包装荠菜的黄化率均达到近30%。两种包装荠菜黄化速度的比较显示,贮藏前6天敞口包装荠菜黄化稍快,6天后挽口包装荠菜的黄化速度大于敞口包装的荠菜,并在9天后超过敞口包装的荠菜。
     3、0℃贮藏期间,挽口和敞口包装荠菜还原糖含量的变化不一致,前者持续缓慢下降;后者最初3天有明显下降,3~6天基本稳定,6天后出现增加直至贮藏结束。两种包装条件下的荠菜维生素C变化相似且没有明显差异,表现为前3天增加,3~6天下降,以后基本不变。低温贮藏期间,两种包装荠菜的叶绿素含量均有较大幅度的下降,但挽口包装荠菜的叶绿素损失少;纤维素含量逐步增加,至贮藏结束12天时比入贮时均增加了20%以上,且增加量以敞口包装为高。
     4、0℃贮藏条件下,挽口包装荠菜的呼吸要大于敞口包装荠菜,前者在前9天呼吸出现明显的上升,而后着总体呈现缓慢降低趋势。挽口包装荠菜叶片组织的电导率整个贮藏期间略有增加,而敞口包装荠菜的电导率贮藏前6天显著增加以后明显下降。挽口包装的荠菜的O_2和MDA含量的变化总体小于敞口包装荠菜,最大值也以敞口包装荠菜为高。
     5、0℃贮藏、挽口包装荠菜的叶绿素酶和纤维素酶变化幅度都不大,随贮藏时间延长增加的量小于敞口包装的荠菜;叶绿素酶活性呈先增长后下降趋势,纤维素酶先上升后呈下降趋势。低温贮藏期间荠菜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化呈下降趋势、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性呈上升趋势、PPO活性极弱且贮藏期间没有变化,两种包装方式间没有显著差异。
     6、新鲜荠菜组织中TP和FP含量分别为9.483和2.177ug.g~(-1).FW,FP占TP的比例27.86%;贮藏期间两种包装方式荠菜组织中TP和FP含量均有所减少,且挽口包装总酚含量较低。荠菜组织中酚类物质的初步鉴定结果显示荠菜组织中的主要酚类物质是焦性没食子酸。
     7、荠菜在0℃和挽口的条件下,贮藏时间可达到12d以上。
The fresh Capsella bursa-pastoris after removing roots, decay and yellow leaves werepacked in plastic bags either loosely closed or opened with each sample 200 grams, andthen stored at 0℃. The treatment was replicate for 3times. The weight loss, etiolation rate,contents of chlorophyll, cellulose, O_2~(·-)and MDA, activities of chlorophyllase, cellulase,SOD, POD and PAL were determined at the interval of 3 days to investigate the quality andphysiological characteristic change of Capsella bursa-pastoris during storage period. Theresults is showed as following:
     1. The weight loss of Capsella bursa-pastoris at 0℃, no matter loosely closed packedor openly packed, was all very small during first 6 days, and then the weight loss of openlypacked Capsella bursa-pastoris increased greatly with extending storage duration reached7.3% at the end storage of 12days, compared with only 2.0% weight loss in the looselyclosed packed Capsella bursa-pastoris.
     2. The etiolation rate of Capsella bursa-pastoris increased graduallyat the early stageof storage and increased sharply after 6 days during storage at 0℃. Both etiolation rate ofloosely closed packed and openly packed Capsella bursa-pastoris at the end of storage (12days) reached nearly 30%. Making comparison of etiolation rate of two type package,openly packed Capsella bursa-pastoris etiolated faster during first 6 days, while looselyclosed packed etiolated faster during second 6 days.
     3、Reducing sugar change of two type packed Capsella bursa-pastoris had differentpattern at 0℃storage period. Reducing sugar in loosely closed packed Capsellabursa-pastoris slowly decreased continously, while reducing sugar in openly packedCapsella bursa-pastoris redued at first 3 days, remained stable between 3 and 6 days, andthen increased until the end of storage. Vitamin C in both loosely closed packed andopenlypacked Capsella bursa-pastoris showed the same change trendency, i.e. increasing winthin3 days, decreasing between 3 and 6 days and then remainging stable, and there was nosignificant different between them. The chlorophyll content of both packed Capsellabursa-pastoris decreased significantly during storage at 0℃with a little less loss of chlorophyll in loosely closed packed Capsella bursa-pastoris. Compared to celluloseamount at the beginning of the storage, cellulose gradually increased up to more than 120%with more increase in opened packed Capsella bursa-pastoris.
     4. The respiratory rate of Capsella bursa-pastoris packed in loosely closed plastic bagsand stored at 0℃was increased dring first 9 days and then sharply decreased, while thatof Capsella bursa-pastoris packed openly in plastic bags and stored at 0℃was overallslightly decreased, therefore the loosely closed packed Capsella bursa-pastoris had agreater respiratory rate. The relative conductivity of loosely closed packed Capsellabursa-pastoris during storage at 0℃was stabe with a little increase, while the relativeconductivity of openly packed Capsella bursa-pastoris during storage at 0℃was increasedsignificantly in first 6 days and then decreased greatly. The both content of O_2 and MDAand maximum value in the tissue of Capsella bursa-pastoris packed in loosely closedplastic bags and stored at 0℃were smaller than that of Capsella bursa-pastoris packedopenly in plastic bags and stored at 0℃.
     5. The activities of chlorophyllase and cellulase in Capsella bursa-pastoris packed inloosely closed plastic bags and stored at 0℃were all changed not too much, and theactivity change was smaller than that of Capsella bursa-pastoris packed openly in plasticbags and stored at 0℃. The change of chlorophyllase and cellulase activities showed thesame tendency, which was increased first and then decreased. Capsella bursa-pastoris hadno PPO activity. During storage period at 0℃, SOD activity in Capsella bursa-pastoriswas slow down, while POD and PAL were slowly increased. The activity difference ofSOD, POD and PAL between two package types was not significant.
     6. The content of total phenols (TP) and free phenols (FP) in fresh Capsellabursa-pastoris was 9.483 and 2.177ug·g~(-1)FW, respectively, and the ratio of free phenols (FP)to total phenols (TP) was 27.86%. The main phenol in the tissue of bursa-pastoris wasPyrogallol Pyrogallic Acid.
     7. The storage duration of Capsella bursa-pastoris which was loosely packed andstored at 0℃could be as long as 12 days.
引文
[1] 陈萌山,马淑萍,周普国等.实施出口带动战略 发展现代蔬菜产业目标措施篇:“十一五”我国蔬菜发展的目标任务和工作措施[J].中国蔬菜,2007,(02):1~4
    [2] 董文章,丁海风,张雪平.我国蔬菜产业发展的机遇与挑战[J].农业科技通讯,2002,(07):14~15
    [3] 王其胜.蔬菜养生.中国纺织出版社,2006
    [4] 羊杏平.叶菜在都市高效农业中的地位和作用.南京农学会,学术交流,2006,11
    [5] 邓云,吴颖,李云飞.果蔬在贮运过程中的生物力学特性及质地检测[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(04):1~5
    [6] 焦岩,张岩,李保国等.温湿度变化对冰箱中果蔬贮藏质量影响的研究[J].低温与特气,2001,19(06):18~21
    [7] 常丽新,李林,霍军华.低温贮存条件下荠菜品质的变化[J].食品科技,2004,(12):81~82,85
    [8] 蔡可.采后生理和果蔬保鲜[J].植物生理学通讯,1997(6):505~507
    [9] 焦岩,李保国,张岩等.冰箱冷藏条件对果蔬贮藏质量的影响[J].食品科学,2002,(06):150~153
    [10] 骆光林,朱慧.果蔬保鲜机理探讨[J].包装工程,1999,20(2):18~20.
    [11] 胡文玉,陈贵,李晓萍.小麦叶片衰老进程中呼吸作用和ATP含量变化(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,1991,(02):107~109
    [12] 侯建设,席王与芳,余挺等.温度、机械伤和采收期对小白菜的采后生理的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2002,28(10):40~44
    [13] 郭红艳,葛超,李秀锦等.不同贮藏条件对荠菜衰老指标的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2003,24(03):109~110
    [14] 林植芳.水稻叶片衰老与超氧物歧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的关系[J].植物学报,1984, 26(6):605~615.
    [14] 陈少裕.膜脂过氧化对植物细胞的损害[J].植物生理学通讯,1991,27(2):84~90.
    [16] 焦新之,邱鸿滨,李琳等.香蕉后熟过程磷脂酶活性、膜透性变化与乙烯释放相关性研究[J].园艺学报,1985,(12):145~150
    [17] Sasher J A. Senescence and post-harvest physiology[M]. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 1973, 24:197~224
    [18] 贾守菊,陶月良,陈艳乐等.温州盘菜贮藏期间生理生化变化的研究[J].河南科学;2002,20(05):538~540
    [19] Walker J. L., McLellan K. M. and Robinson D. S.. Isolation and purification of superoxide dismutase purified from Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. bullata sub var. gemmifera).Food Chemistry, 1991,41(1): 1~9
    [20] 颉建明,颉敏华.果实成熟衰老过程中保护酶活性变化的研究综述[J].甘肃农业科技,2003,(3):30~32
    [21] 王阳光,席芳,陆胜民等.气调和乙烯对采后青梅果实保绿效果及生理的影响[J].食品科学,2002,23(09):102~105
    [22] 龚吉军.黄花菜贮藏保鲜研究[D].湖南农业大学,2003
    [23] 朱东兴,曹峰丽,郁达等.叶菜采后生理与贮藏保鲜研究及应用[J].保鲜与加工,2006,6(1):3~6
    [24] 罗云波.园艺产品贮藏加工学(贮藏篇).北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001,8(同19)
    [25] 谢绍峰,王成士,白云河等.蔬菜保鲜的主要措施[J].吉林蔬菜,2005,(05):32
    [26] 刘北林.食品保鲜与冷藏链.北京:化学工业出版社,2004,7
    [27] 张克宏,杜俊娟.叶菜类蔬菜气调保鲜包装研究[J].包装工程,2007,(01):49~52
    [28] Andres Conesa, Bert E. Verlinden, Francisco Artes-Hernandez, etal. Respiration rates of fresh-cut bell peppers under supertamospheric and low oxygen with or without high carbon dioxide. Post-harvest Biology and Technology, Available online 2 May 2007.
    [29] 杨少桧.果蔬采后预冷——不可或缺的环节[J].农产品加工,2006,(03):28~29
    [30] 张翔.蔬菜保鲜与真空预冷[J].制冷,1992,(02):40~45
    [31] 赵海珍,黄娟.蔬菜的贮藏保鲜[J].农家参谋,2000,(04):31
    [32] 齐正,李保国,孟祥,吴亚卿.鲜切蔬菜加工保鲜与冷藏链[J].食品科技,2006,(09):259~262
    [33] 刘忆冬,童军茂.果蔬贮藏保鲜技术研究进展[J].保鲜与加工,2005,(01):1~3
    [34] Tanaka H. Hydrophobic hydration of inert gases, thermodynamic properties, inherent structures and normal-mode analysis [J]. J.Chem. Phys, 1995(5):3719~3727
    [35] Oshita S. Storage of broccoli by making the water structured. [A]. Korea, Proc International Conference on Agriculture Machinery Engineering, 1996, 918~925
    [36] 张憨,范柳萍.国内外果蔬保鲜技术发展状况及趋势分析[J].蔬菜,2004,(12):27~29
    [37] 潘仙鹏.果品的气调贮藏.广西园艺,2005,16(2):57~59
    [38] 郑厚芬.果蔬气调保鲜技术.北京:中国商业出版社,1990
    [39] 童军茂,李应彪,唐明翔.我国果蔬气调保鲜产业存在的问题及发展对策[J].食品科技,2002,(08):64~65
    [40] 张慜,肖功年.果蔬MAP保鲜技术研究进展[J].中国食物与营养,2003,(03)
    [41] 周会玲.气调贮藏发展的研究[J].北方园艺,2001,(05):31~34
    [42] 谢启军,林奇.减压保鲜技术的研究进展[J].现代食品科技,2006,22(03):294~296
    [43] 周山涛.果蔬贮运学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998
    [44] 薛卫东.果蔬贮藏与保鲜[M].北京:电子科大出版社,1996
    [45] 徐树来,张守勤,刘静波等.切分蔬菜高压保鲜技术的研究进展及发展对策[J].农业机械学报,2003,(02):132~135
    [46] 李文炳.电离辐射杀菌保鲜水果和蔬菜的研究现状[J].辐射研究与辐射工艺学报,2001,19(02):158~160
    [47] 强继业,朱海平,尹瑞新等.果品、蔬菜和食用菌辐射保鲜的研究进展[J].中国果菜,2004,(03):29~30
    [48] 肖锡湘,上官新晨.辐照保鲜技术及其应用[J].安徽农业科学,2006,(10):2193,2195
    [49] 吴连连,李新建.高压静电场保鲜技术的研究现状[J].现代农业科技,2007,(03):123~124
    [50] 杨光德.高压静电果蔬保鲜机理分析[J].淄博学院学报(自然科学与工程版),2000,(02):32~35
    [51] 张平.农产品保鲜新技术研究动态与发展趋势[J]_农机质量与监督,2005,(05):18~21
    [52] 祖智波,李文革.辐照对草莓保鲜的效果研究[J].食品科技,2006,(05):114~116
    [53] Gilbert Shama and Peter Alderson. UV hormesis in fruits: a concept ripe for commercialization. Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 16, Issue 4, April 2005, Pages 128~136
    [54] 荣瑞芬,冯双庆.不同剂量短波紫外线照射对采后番茄后熟和发病的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2001,(01):68~73
    [55] 连玉晶,邬元娟.果蔬保鲜新技术[J].农产品加工(学刊),2005,(04):76~78
    [56] 滕斌,王俊.果蔬贮藏保鲜技术的现状与展望[J].粮油加工与食品机械,2001,(04):5~8
    [57] 邹东云,马丽艳,杨丽丽等.化学保鲜剂在果蔬保鲜中的应用[J].农产品加工(学刊),2006,(03):38~40
    [58] Gllaspy G, Ben-David H, Gruissem W. Fruits: a developmental Perspective[J]. Plant Cell 1993,5:1439~1457
    [59] 张华峰,张宾,陈天华等.乙烯生物合成基因工程在果蔬保鲜中的应用[J].生物技术,2005,15(06):80~82
    [60] 鲁玖华,曾晓娟.果蔬保鲜贮藏新技术.湖南农业科学,2000,(05):47~48
    [61] 今年蔬菜产销四大特点[J].中国农村小康科技,2002,(07):9
    [62] 刘乐承.我国野生蔬菜开发利用现状及需要研究的问题[J].现代化农业,2006,(11):12-15
    [63] 孙德水,王守本.药食兼用话荠菜[J].特种经济动植物,1999,(02):38
    [64] 卢胜,苏浓,王桂泽.营养保健型佳蔬——荠菜[J].中国食物与营养,2004,(07):53~54
    [65] 邢国进,赵恒田,柴晓芳等.荠菜的营养价值和栽培技术.中国林副特产,2006,5:54~55
    [66] 张志学.山野菜——荠荠菜的特性及开发利用.北方园艺,2002(4):57
    [67] 田正明.荠菜的推广‘前景与栽培技术[J].甘肃农业,2006,(11):336
    [68] 程爱芳.荠菜的营养价值及药用价值[J].蔬菜,2004,(06):36
    [69] 梁惠,张秀珍,王建华.荠菜营养和保健作用的研究[J].齐鲁医学杂志,1994,(03):123~124
    [70] 董淑炎.营养保健野菜.科学技术文献出版社,1996,9
    [71] 尹素云.荠菜的食用价值及加工利用[J].河北农业科技,2003,(04):38
    [1] 大连轻工业学院主编.食品分析.中国轻工业出版社,1998
    [2] Fernandez-Trujillo JP, Artes F. Chilling injuries in peaches during conventional and intermittent warming storage. InfJ Refrig, 1998, 21:265~272
    [3] 南京农业大学贮藏加工组编.果蔬贮藏学实验
    [4] 陆威,许晓明,戴新宾等.冰醋酸对与于测定植物材料中超氧阴离子含量的灵敏度的影响.南京师大学报2004,27(1):82~84
    [5] 南京农业大学农学院植物科学系.现代植物学实验技术,2003
    [6] 杨振德.分光光度计法测定叶绿素含量的探讨[J].广西农业大学学报,1996,(6):145~150
    [7] 甘志军,王晓云,邹琦.小麦叶绿素酶生化动力学特性研究[J].西北植物学报,2003,(05):750~754
    [8] 冯继华,曾静芬,陈茂椿等.应用Van Soest法和常规法测定纤维素及木质素的比较.两南民族学院学报(自然科学版),1994,20(1):55~56
    [9] 李兰晓,杜金华,李军训等.CMC糖化力法测定纤维素酶活性条件的研究.饲料工业,2006,27(24):49~52
    [10] 南京农业大学生命科技学院编.生物化学研究技术,2003
    [11] Franceso Pizzocaro, et al..Inhibition of apple polyphenoioxidase (PPO) by ascorbic acid, citric acid and sodium chloride [J]. Food Proc. and Proc., 1993, 17:21~30
    [12] 刘福玲,戴行钧.食品物理与化学分析方法.轻工业出版社,1987:443~437
    [13] 李妍.菱角采后品质、生理生化和酶促褐变特性研究[D].南京农业大学,2005
    [14] 秦国明.防止蔬菜萎蔫的措施[J].蔬菜,2001,(08):28
    [15] 焦岩,李保国,张岩等.冰箱冷藏条件对果蔬贮藏质量的影响[J].食品科学,2002,19(06):18~21
    [16] O'Hare TJ, Smith LG, Wong LS etal. Low-oxygen storage of whole and minimally-processed pakchoi. Proceedings of the Australasian Post-harvest Conference, 18~22 September, Melbourne, 1995, 459~462
    [17] Wang H, Herne RC. Effect of CA storage on the ultrastructure of chloroplasts and chlorophyll content of Chinese mustard. Proc Fifth Intern CA Res Conf, 1989, 2:9~17
    [18] (德)W.亥克尔等著.食品化学与营养学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1985,3
    [19] 何志谦.人体营养学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,6
    [20] 罗云波.园艺产品贮藏加工学(贮藏篇).北京:中国农业大学出版社,2001,8
    [21] 陆定志,傅家瑞,宋松泉.植物衰老及其调控[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997
    [22] 阎成士,李德全,张建华.植物叶片衰老与氧化胁迫[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):398~404
    [23] 陈贵,胡文玉,谢甫绨等.提取植物体内MDA的溶剂及MDA作为衰老指标的探讨[J].植物生理学通讯,1991,27(1):44~46
    [24] 郁志芳,李妍,康若神等.鲜切芦蒿贮藏过程中叶绿素、纤维素以及相关酶的变化.中国野生植物资源,2003,22(4):61~64
    [25] 孙小镭,王冰,顾三军等.黄瓜嫩果皮色与色素含量的关系.园艺学报,2003,6:721
    [26] 彭运生,刘恩.关于提取叶绿素方法的比较研究.北京农业大学学报,1992,18(3):247~250
    [27] 杨晓棠,张昭其,庞学群.果蔬采后叶绿素降解与品质变化的关系[J].果树学报,2005,22(06):691~696
    [28] Matile P, Hortenateiner S, Thomas H. Chlorophyll Degradation[J]. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Molo Biol, 1999, 50:67~95
    [29] 罗自生,傅国柱,吕春霞.竹笋采后热处理对细胞壁组分和水解酶活性的影响[J].园艺学报,2002,29(1):43~46
    [30] 杨春祥,李宪利,高东升等.低温胁迫对油桃花器官膜脂过氧化和保护酶活性的影响[J].果树学报,2005,22(1):69~71
    [31] 夏铁骑.自由基、活性氧、SOD及植物衰老机理研究的现状与进展[J].濮阳职业技术学院学报,2005,18(02):23~24
    [32] 吴炫柯,李永健,李杨瑞.不同木薯品种生长后期衰老生理特性研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(11):182~184
    [33] Yoshio Funamoto, Naoki Yamauchi, Masayoshi Shigyo. Involvement ofperoxidase in chlorophyll degradation in stored broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) and inhibition of the activity by heat treatment. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2003,28(1): 39~46
    [34] L6pez-G alvez G, Salteit M, Cantwell M. Would-induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity: factors affecting its induction and correlation with the quality of fresh-cut lettuces. Post-harvest BiolTec, 1996, 9: 223-233
    [35] 席玙芳,罗自生,程度等.竹笋采后木质化与多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的关系(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(04):294~295
    [36] 郁志芳,夏志华,陆兆新.鲜切甘薯酶促褐变机理的研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(05):54~59
    [37] 王佳宏.鲜切芋艿冷藏期间品质、生理及酶促褐变机理研究[D].南京农业大学,2005
    [38] 郁志芳,赵友兴,李宁等.鲜切莲藕酶促褐变底物的分析确定[J].食品科学,2002,23(04):41~44
    [39] 郁志芳,彭贵霞,夏志华等.鲜切山药酶促褐变机理的研究[J].食品科学,2003,24(05):44~49
    [40] 韩涛,李丽萍.果实和蔬菜中的过氧化物酶[J].食品与发酵工业,2000,26(1):69~73.