固定化固氮菌的制备及其性能的研究
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摘要
本论文包括三部分:
     第一章 固定化细胞技术及其应用研究进展
     本章综述了固定化细胞的方法、载体材料及其应用,详细阐述了常用的固定化细胞的载体材料,固定化细胞载体材料的改进,固定化细胞在食品与发酵工业、化学与医药工业、能源开发和环境工程上的应用,总结了固定化细胞的优异性能,并对未来的发展给予展望。
     第二章 固氮菌的分离鉴定
     本节利用阿贝氏培养基、联合固氮培养基,通过稀释涂板法、平板划线分离法,从土壤中分离出6种具有固氮活性的菌。对它们的生理生化性质进行研究,并做了初步的鉴定。
     第三章 固定化固氮菌的制备及其性能研究
     本章包括三节:
     第一节 聚丙烯酸钠固定化固氮菌的制备及其性能的研究
     首次以聚丙烯酸钠为载体固定化固氮菌B_3~2、B_3~3制备出具有保水、抗旱性能的多功能微生物肥料,利用正交设计优化了细胞固定化条件,使固定化细胞的含菌量达10~9cfu/g,保质期延长至10个月,并利用红外(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热分析(TG/DTA)对固定化产品进行了表征,结果证明固氮菌已固定化于聚丙烯酸钠上。
     第二节 球形壳聚糖固定化固氮菌的制备及其性能的研究
     首次利用球形壳聚糖作为载体固定化固氮菌B_3~2、B_3~3,制备了一种新型的微生物肥料。三个月后,其释放有效活菌数是开始时的67.29%。并利用IR、SEM、TG/DTA对产品进行表征,证明固氮菌已固定化于壳聚糖上。
     第三节 固定化固氮菌生物活性实验室研究
     利用前两节制备的固定化固氮菌进行了实验室生物活性试验。结果显示,在限水条件下,固定化产品可促进植物提前发芽、出苗,提高出苗率。
This article includes three parts:
    Part I: A review on research and development of technology of immobilized cells and their applications.
    In this part, the method of immobilized-cell preparation, the support of immobilized cells and their applications were looked back. Frequently used-support of immobilized cells and the application of immobilized cells in foodstuff and fermentation industry, chemical and medical industry, energy sources and environment engineering were discussed. Frequently used-support and the improvement on support of immobilized cells were emphasized. The excellent properties of immobilized cells and bright future were given.
    Part II: Isolation and identification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    In this part, 6 trains, which can subsist on non-nitric medium or on associated nitrogen-fixing medium, were isolated from the foot soil of maize. And also they were identified.
    Part III: Studies on preparation and properties of immobilized nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    This part includes three subsection:
    Section one: Studied on preparation and properties of immobilized nitrogen-fixing bacteria using poly (sodium acrylate) as support
    Using poly(sodium acrylate) as the support, the immobilized nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been prepared. The desorption capacity of efficacious living-cells on immobilized cells and the rate of desorption of that were studied by orthogonal experiment design. The desorption capacity of efficacious living-cell on immobilized cells reached 109cfu/g and that of the time of efficacy prolonged to 10 months. These immobilized cells were characterized by IR, SEM and TG/DTA. The results indicated
    
    
    that the nitrogen-fixing bacteria was immobilized on poly (sodium acrylate).
    Section two: Studied on preparation and properties of immobilized nitrogen-fixing
    bacteria using globular chitosan as support
    The nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been immobilized on globular chitosan and prepared a new bacterial fertilizer. The desorption capacity of efficacious living-cell on immobilized cells was studied. The desorption capacity of efficacious living-cell was 67.29% that of the beginning after 3 months. The product obtained was determined by IR, SEM and TG/DTA. The results showed that the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were immobilized. Section three: Study on the biological activity of immobilized nitrogen-fixing bacteria
    The experimental results showed : under the condition of limit quantity of water, the immobilized nitrogen-fixing bacteria have accelerated germination of wheat, increased the germination rate of wheat.
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