摘要
随着电子技术、嵌入式软件技术和控制技术的飞速发展,同时基础设施建设行业对施工机械的信息化、智能化、网络化要求的不断提高,基于嵌入式技术的工程机械监控系统的研发已成为国内外机电控制领域热点课题。
本文首先综述了国内外工程机械行业发展的现状和趋势,阐明了实施工程机械智能化及远程监控的意义和需求,并为此构建了工程机械远程监控系统三层结构模型:前端单元控制系统、车载监控系统和远程监控中心;提出了一种基于HMS30C7202和linux的嵌入式车载监控系统构建方案;深刻剖析了HMS30C7202的特点、内核结构、运行机理,然后结合引导程序的开发对linux内核进行移植前的必要修改,并深入分析了linux驱动程序的架构;对构成嵌入式系统硬件的各个主要部分:嵌入式微处理器HMS30C7202、存储单元、串行接口、人机交互接口、CAN总线控制模块、调试接口以及复位电路等电路设计方案做了详细的介绍;为证明所编写引导程序的正确性,还将μC/OS-Ⅱ实时内核移植到本文研发的嵌入式硬件系统中,编写了该操作系统的底层硬件驱动程序,建立了上层用户应用程序的组织结构。
本文所实现的车载监控系统的硬件部分和底层软件,不仅是整个车载监控系统实现的基础,而且也是整个系统的核心部分。其中的部分研发成果,如基于ARM微处理器的嵌入式硬件电路设计技术、引导程序的开发技术、车载监控系统底层驱动技术等具有一定的推广应用价值。
With the electronics, embedded software and control technology developed rapidly, and the requirement of informationization, intelligent, networked of the construction machinery in infrastructure construction trade constant improving,, the construction machinery monitor and control system based on embedded technology has become a hot subject in the domestic and international control field.
Firstly, this paper summarizes the situations and trends of domestic and international engineering machinery, illustrates the demands and implements of intelligent and long-range monitoring and controlling in construction machinery ,and constructs a three-layer model of the engineering machinery long-range monitoring and control system: the front unit control systems, the machine-mounted monitoring system and the long-range control center ; proposes a kind of structure of embedded system based on HMS30C7202 and embedded Linux; Researching the characteristic of HMS30C7202、kernel construct and mechanism of the CPU’s operation deeply, than combining the booting program, the paper issue some modification of Linux kernel before transplanting and the framework of the linux device driver. This text makes a particular presentation about some important circuits for instance the center process unit、the memory unit、the interface of the UART and HMI、CAN bus module、JTAG、reset circuit etc, which are main parts of the embedded system’s hardware. To improve the booting program’s validity, the text presents the process of transplanting the real-time kernelμC/OS-II to the hardware of the embedded system and the low-level hardware driver program of the operation system. Finally the text introduces the framework of the application program.
The hardware and low-level software system designed in the paper, not only is the bedrock of the whole system, but also is the core of the system. Some productions , such as the designs based on ARM, the technology of designing the embedded hardware、the development of the booting program and the low-level driver program, have values of application and popularization.
引文
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