摘要
随着找矿难度的加大，地质学科的发展，新理论、新技术的应用，成矿预测由单一信息预测转变为多源信息预测，定性预测转变为定性与定量结合，乃至定量预测。综合地质、物探、化探、遥感等多源信息，实现多源信息的定性分析、定量分析及综合是现代成矿预测的一个主流手段。
本文综合澜沧铅矿老厂矿区前人资料，针对性地开展地质、物探、化探、遥感等成矿信息的分析研究，在二次开发的地理信息系统软件平台的支持下，运用数学地质理论和方法，结合新的分析软件及找矿手段，总结矿区成矿规律，进行矿区深、边部成矿预测。主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
1．应用多元统计软件SPSS对矿区F_3以西地球化学构造原生晕数据进行聚类分析、判别分析、对应分析、因子分析等，探讨矿区元素共生组合及成矿作用和期次等地球化学特征。
2．通过地球物理方法对已知矿区研究后，开展未知区分析，已证实矿区F_3附近存在两个TEM低阻异常带，其中Ⅰ号TEM低阻异常带对应矿区已知矿体，Ⅱ号TEM低阻异常带位于火山口机构F_3以西断裂交汇部位，带内分布的三个集中区所在部位均具有低电阻率物性特征、化探原生晕异常，是成矿有利地段。
3．利用目前最新的快鸟影像解译获得的线性、环形构造与地质现象叠加，并对线性构造进行等密度、平均方位、优益度、条数等定量化分析，研究表明：矿化信息与线性构造关系密切，矿区内大部分已知矿化点位于线环构造交汇交切部位。
4．在多源地学信息数据库的基础上，提取找矿标志和控矿要素10个(NW向断裂、有利赋矿层位、线性构造等)，运用网格化单元(0.1Km×0.1Km)，计算单变量、复合变量信息量值、综合信息量值及找矿信息量值，界定找矿信息量值(2.5)，圈定出四个成矿有利靶区。经工程验证，在B1靶区获得122b+333级别矿石量(含硫化矿和氧化矿)74916吨。
With the increasing difficulties of ore-prospecting, development of Geology and application of new theories and new technologies, forecast of ore-formation is changing from single geology information to multi-geology information., forecast fixed in quality transform into the combination of the quality-quality and fixed-quantity, even the full form of fixed-quantity. Utilizing the information of Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Remote-Sensing, it is a main research direction of the current forecast of ore-formation to realize the analysis and comprehension of the fixed-quality and fixed-quantity.
Utilizing the predecessors' material of Laochang mining area in Lancang Lead-deposit, this paper focus on the the analysis and research of the ore-formation. With the support of the software platform of developed GIS, utilizing the theories and technology of Mathgeology, it concludes the ore-composed rules of mining area and achieves the forecast of ore-formation of on the base of new software of analysis and new technology of ore-prospecting. It is made up of four parts as follows.
1. Utilizing the poly-statistics software named SPSS, it analyzes datum with different kinds of method from the geochemistry tectonic proto-halo in Laochang mining area, for example, Cluster Analysis, Discriminant Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Factor Analysis. According to the result of research, it achieves the characteristic of geochemistry, element paragenesis union, geological function, geological period, etc.
2. Through the study of Geophysics method, it finds two abnormal low-resistance belts of TEM on the research of the known area. The first TEM abnormal belt ted over the known ore, the second one is located in the margin of crater mechanism on the west of fault 3 , which is distributed with many crossed faults. In the second belt it is made up of 3 abnormal low-resistance area which possess the physics characteristic of low-resistance rate and extraordinary geochemistry tectonic proto-halo. As a result, it is a beneficial place for exploring ore.
3. The line structure and ring structure could be drawn from current up-to-date Quick Bird image, the line structure could be used for many kinds of fixed-quantity analysis, for example, equi-density, average direction, outstanding degrees, item quantity. On those research it could be found that information relevant of ore get
along with the line structure, especially most mining pot in the mining area is located in the crossed district between the line structure and the ring structure.
4. On basis of the database of multi-geology information, ten symbol or factor relevant of exploring ore is withdrawn which is made up of North-West fault, beneficial layer stored in orebody, the line structure, etc. The grid unit is divided into a square which spread 100 meter, many information values of variables included of single variable, comprehensive variable and other variables relevant of exploring ore are calculated. According to those information values the border(2.5) is determinated. Four target area for ore-exploring is acquired on the basis of information of exploring ore. After the engineering testing, 74916 tons ore included of sulphuring and oxidizing ore is found in B1 area.
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