摘要
社会经济的发展导致对能源需求不断增长,能源资源的有限与能源需求的增长之间的矛盾日渐凸显,并越来越引起人们的关注。我国是能源资源大国,同时也是能源短缺大国。我国的能源利用率远落后于美国、日本等发达国家水平,甚至比巴西、印度等一些发展中国家也要低。
电力作为一种使用方便的优质二次能源,广泛应用于国计民生的各个领域。电力工业既是重要的能源生产部门,同时还是耗能大户。从发电到供电,一直到用电的过程总的电能消耗约占发电量的28～33%。具有巨大的可挖掘的节能潜力。电力系统中,变压器消耗的电能约占到电力系统损耗的30%左右,即占发电量的10%左右。
降低变压器电能损耗的主要途径除了可以对高能耗变压器进行更新与改造、开发节能变压器外,还可以实行变压器的经济运行以提高变压器的运行效率。变压器经济运行充分利用现有设备,基本上不用增加投资或只需增加少量投资。因此,全面开展变压器经济运行对降低企业成本、增加企业效益具有重要的意义。
文中首先介绍了变压器的基本理论、变压器功率损耗的计算方法以及变压器的负荷-功率损耗特性,重点介绍了两台双绕组变压器经济运行方式的判定方法,并给出了以综合功率损耗为目标的变压器经济运行算法。本文以铁岭电业局为应用对象,并具体根据调兵山一次变的数据针对变压器优化运行方式问题进行了具体的分析计算。
本文提出了基于潮流计算的单时段法变压器经济运行方式的判定,并提出了变压器在各种运行方式下的通用计算方案。在此基础上,进一步给出了以系统负荷预测结果为前提的多时段法变压器经济运行方式的判定,并给出了求解过程。随之对两种方法进行了对比,通过对不同负荷条件下两种方法计算结果的分析,证明两种方法各有优势,应针对不同的负荷情况选用不同的计算方法,计算的结果也验证了这种这种情况。
本文通过对现有区图法的改进,提出了基于电压、功率因数和负载的三维区图法,并将其运用于变压器经济运行方式的判定,并针对调兵山一次变数据对三维区图法的应用进行了仿真分析。
The demand for energy is greatly increasing with the development of economy, following by the aggravation of contradiction between the limited energy resources and energy demand, which attracts more and more concern. China possess rich energy resources, however, energy efficiency is far behind the United States, Japan and other developed countries, and even less than Brazil, India and other developing countries. As an easy-to-use high-quality secondary energy, power is widely used in various areas of people's livelihood. Electric power industry is not only an important energy production sector, but also energy-hungry. The total electricity consumption of electrical energy generating capacity accounts for about 28-33% according to the literature from power generation to use, therefore, it has tremendous potential to tap the energy-saving.
Transformer is one of the main equipments in power system, and can consume 30% of power system loss, representing about 10% of generated energy. Therefore, it is important to investigate the method to reduce the loss of the transformer in order to save energy. The main ways to reduce power loss of transformation include updating with high energy consumption and transformation and developing energy-saving transformer, and the economic operation of transformer can also be implemented to improve operating efficiency transformers. Full use of the existing equipment and do not have to increase investment or just a slight increase in investment are the important advantages in economic operation of transformer. Therefore, it is of great significance for reducing costs and increasing effectiveness for caring out economic operation of transformer. The main works of thesis are present as follows:
(1) Introducing the basic theory of the transformer, the method for calculating power loss and the characteristics of load-power loss of transformer, focusing on determining the mode of economic operation in two two-winding transformer and the algorithm of economic operation of transformer for reducing the Integrated power loss has also been given.
(2) Optimizing the operation mode of transformer based on the data of Diaobingshan, and being applied in Tieling Power Supply Bureau.
(3) The Method to determine the mode of a single transformer economic operation hours has been proposed according to Flow calculation, based on which, method of multi-time economic operation mode of the transformer to has been determined and the solution process has also been given. The comparison of the results in two different method by different load conditions prove that both methods have their own advantages and should be chosen for different conditions, which is consistent with the calculated results.
(4) Three-dimensional zone diagram has been proposed which is based on voltage, power factor and load through improving the existing zone diagram. This method has been applied to determine the way of transformer economic operation. Simulation analysis was carried out through employing the data of Diaobingshan.
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