嵌入式口腔一体化数字诊疗系统
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摘要
本文研究课题来源于广州市科技计划项目“口腔一体化数字诊疗系统”(2004Z3-E0241)。该项目综合应用计算机控制、嵌入式和数字图像处理技术,研究开发全电脑智能控制的综合牙科治疗台,口腔数字成像系统和医疗信息管理系统,实现口腔医学影像的实时提取和分析,以及口腔疾病的计算机辅助诊疗。本文重点对综合牙科治疗台智能控制器和口腔医学影像的实时采集系统进行研究开发。
     本文研究的主要内容和方法如下:
     1.本文采用ARM嵌入式处理器和Linux嵌入式操作系统构建系统平台,开发口腔诊疗台各功能模块的驱动程序,并将牙椅智能控制和口腔医学影像采集进行多任务合理划分,分配到嵌入式系统上实现。把键盘任务分配成中断任务,LCD显示等其余各任务则分配成FIFO,并在综合考虑各任务的重要性和所需执行时间开销的基础上设置相应的优先级。进程调度策略采用实时进程先到先服务调度方法。
     2.根据对牙椅人体工程学和智能化的要求,应用光机电一体化技术对牙椅运动的液压传动系统进行闭环控制。采取有效的抗干扰措施,保证系统可靠运行。通过设计优化运动轨迹、个性化牙椅诊疗位置的记忆、恢复功能,满足系统运动平稳、医生操作方便、患者舒适的要求。在优化系统功能方面,本文采用红外检测方法来实现非接触控制开关无影灯;采用红外检测与超声波测液位的联合控制方法实现漱口水杯的非接触式智能操作。这两种改进的控制方法有效降低了口腔诊疗过程中的医源性交叉感染的危险性,为医生和病人的健康提供了重要保证。
     3.本文总结了图像采集过程中的图像缓存几种常用方法的适用场合,根据X光图像采集的特点,采用“ARM9+FPGA+FIFO”的图像采集方法设计了低剂量X光CCD牙科图像采集系统。在抗干扰方面,本文应用相关双采样技术对CCD图像中的噪声进行滤波降噪处理。
     本文设计开发的嵌入式口腔一体化数字诊疗系统具有较高的实用价值,牙科治疗台控制器也通过调试,并在多家医院进行试用。
The subject, which this paper study, derive from the science and technology item of Guangzhou City: "digital diagnosis and treatment system of oral integration". This item integrates Optical-electro-mechanical technology, embedded system technology and digital image processing technology, in order to develop the pure computer-controlled dental integration unit and digital imaging system of oral integration. This paper also realize oral medical image withdrawing and image analysizing, and work out the computer aided oral diagnosis and medical information management. This paper focus on the study of intellectualized controller of dental integration unit and the real-time oral image acquiring.
     The main contents and methods can be described as follows:
     1. ARM and Linux are applied to build up the system platform. The tasks of dental unit and image gathering are divided, which are assigned to the embedded system. For example, Keyboard task is assigned to the system interruption task, and others are assigned to the FIFO tasks.Based on the principle of H.Gomma and task managing, FIFO managing mechanism is applied to the system.
     2.The drive system is controlled with feedback, which Optical-electro-mechanical technology is applied to. After analyzing medical source overlapping infection during dental diagnosis, a new method is brought up, in which the non-touching controlling is applied to the gargling cup water-giving and the non-shadow light switching operation.
     3. The low dose X-ray CCD dental imaging system is designed, to which the double-correlated technology is applied, based on theory of X-ray imaging and image gathering by CCD.
     The item has accomplished and achieved the anticipated goal. The study achievement has an important significance for the promotion of digital diagnosis system of dental integration, which bring the benefits both on economic and social level. Now, the dental integration unit controller, which is included to the system, is put on probation.
引文
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