摘要
本文研究设计的是一种永磁体嵌入定子齿内的12/10极结构的三相开关磁通永磁电机,属于新型的双凸极永磁电机的一种。它继承了开关磁阻电机结构简单、可靠性高等优点,也具有永磁电机效率高、转矩密度大等特点；同时这种类型的电机还有效地克服了开关磁阻电机控制形式复杂、噪音振动大等缺点,该电机是近年来研究的热点。
本文首先从开关磁通永磁电机的理论入手,详细分析了该电机的运行机理。通过磁路和电路基本方程、机械方程、机电联系方程、磁链方程、电压方程,最终推导出三相开关磁通永磁电机的数学模型,为电机电磁方案的确立提供了理论基础。
其次,由于开关磁通永磁电机特殊的结构特点,本文在设计上提出了针对该种电机设计的基本要求。详细地分析了如何选择电机材料、磁路结构、尺寸配比,并且针对其永磁体工作点进行了计算,同时也进行了磁路和绕组计算,最后得出了一套较为合理的电磁方案。
再次,通过场路结合的方法分析和计算了12/10极结构开关磁通永磁电机的反电势、相电流、齿槽转矩、局部饱和等特性,通过搭建仿真控制电路,利用Ansoft磁场分析软件较为准确地模拟了电机从起动到稳定运行的过程,给出了电机额定转矩波形、瞬态转速波形、驱动电压波形等。
最后,分析了开关磁通永磁电机的齿槽转矩。由于该电机定、转子采用双凸极结构,齿槽转矩相对较大,如何降低转矩波动是设计的关键。本文从永磁体宽度和气隙长度两方面分析了不同尺寸下的转矩脉动值,并且在保证性能的前提下,确定了永磁体宽度和气隙长度选取的合理值。通过样机的制作,验证了理论分析可靠性,仿真的准确性,对以后的研究具有一定的指导意义。
In this thesis, it studies and designs a 12/10 poles structure and three-phase switching flux permanent magnet motor, which belongs to one of a new type of saliency permanent magnet motor. But its permanent magnets are embedded stator teeth. It inherits switch reluctance motor merits, including simple structure and high reliability etc. It also has the characteristics of permanent magnet motor with high efficiency and high torque density etc. While, this type of motor also effectively overcome the weakness of switch reluctance motor, such as control complex and large noise. Therefore, in recent years, more and more researchers focus on this kind of motor.
Firstly, it analyzes running mechanism of the motor in detail. And then, it deduces mathematical model of three-phase switching flux permanent magnet motor through magnetic circuit, fundamental equation of electric circuit, mechanical equation, mechanical electrical contact equation, flux equations and voltage equation.
Secondly, in according to the special structure and characteristics of switching flux permanent magnet motor, it puts forward the basic design requirements of the motor and analyzes detailedly how to select the motor materials, magnetic circuit structure and size ratio. Meanwhile, it calculates the permanent magnets operating point, magnetic circuit and windings. At last, it gets a set of reasonable electromagnetic scheme.
Thirdly, using field-circuit coupled method, it can analyze and calculate EMF, phase current, cogging torque, local saturated of 12/10 poles switching flux permanent magnet motor. Through constructing simulation control circuit and ansoft magnetic field analysis software, it can accurately simulate this motor operation from start to stable process and then get rated torque waveform, transient speed waveform and driving voltage waveform, etc.
Finally, it analyzes the cogging torque of switching flux permanent magnet motor. Because of saliency structure in stator and rotor, the cogging torque is larger, so how to reduce the cogging torque is the key of design. In this article, it is from two aspects of permanent magnets width and air gap length to analyze cogging torque value under different sizes. Under the premise of the guarantee performance, it can find the reasonable values of permanent magnet width and air gap length. Through prototype manufacture, it proves theoretical analysis and simulation is true.
引文
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