摘要
永磁无刷直流电动机是近年随着电子技术和永磁材料的进步而迅速发展起来的一种新型电机。它用一套电子换向装置代替了有刷直流电动机的机械换向装置,保留了有刷直流电动机宽阔而平滑的优良调速性能,同时又克服了有刷直流电动机机械换向带来的一系列的缺点,因此在各个领域中得到广泛应用。
本文首先分析了永磁无刷直流电动机的工作原理,根据其原理介绍了电流源型晶闸管逆变器驱动系统的整体构成情况,并针对系统中的各个单元做了详细介绍,包括其硬件构成及软件流程。
针对系统的位置检测单元,本文介绍了国内外目前存在的各种位置检测方法,分析了基于旋转变压器及AD2S83的位置检测单元工作原理,并对其参数选择问题做了详尽的分析。
然后,本文对电流源型晶闸管逆变器驱动系统的换流过程给出了详细的分析。文章从保证可靠换流和优化系统运行两个角度入手,得到了可靠换流的条件,推导出几个关键参数的选取公式。针对换流时间较长的实际情况,提出了加速换流的方法,并解释了其实验结果。
最后在完成主电路及控制电路调试的基础上,进行了多项试验,分析了部分主要参数对系统运行的影响。通过对各种实验波形的分析,验证了本文所分析内容的正确性。
As a electric mechanical converter, Motor has been widely used over one century ranging from every field of national economy to people's everyday life. The Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has the merits of both Brush DC motor and asynchronous motor. Because Permanent-Magnet BLDCM has the advantages of high power-density, high efficiency, high rate between torque and current, simpleness for control, it has been talent showing itself in motor drives family for recent years and widely used in every industry area especially in speed-variable applications and servo systems.
Firstly, this thesis analyzes the operational principle of the Permanent-Magnet BLDCM. Then, it deduces the key parts of BLDCM’s control system, with introducing their hardware and software design.
The methods of rotor position detection of Permanent-Magnet BLDCM are introduced in this paper, and an angular position detection unit based on resolver and AD2S83 is presented. The paper describes how to select the external components for AD2S83 after analyses how it works.
With thyristor-based converter, the main circuit under investigation is different from conventional ones. To achieve successful and optimal turn-off of thyristors, special designed circuit topology is adopted in our system, and an in-depth study of the commutation process and components selection is developed then.
The thesis makes the comparison of some different key parameters. Their influences on the commutate surge current and commutate time are discussed. And some important waveforms are recorded. It comes to a conclusion, and optimizes the strategy of control system. Moreover, the comparison validates the correctness of the conclusion in this thesis.
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