摘要
太阳能是一种清洁、可再生能源,光能发热、光伏发电技术正蓬勃兴起。在光伏发电系统中,并网逆变器是其不可或缺的关键环节,负责将光伏阵列产生的直流电能逆变为稳定的正弦波交流电能,通过并网连接,将太阳光的能量以电能的形式馈入电网,供负载使用。
近年来对光伏并网逆变器硬件的研制和控制算法的研究成为光伏领域研究的热点,光伏逆变技术取得长足发展。本文即是在充分总结光伏逆变器发展现状的基础上,对单相光伏并网逆变器所涉及的各项关键技术进行了详细的研究及讨论。
本文首先讲述世界范围内的能源危机、新能源技术以及光伏并网逆变器发展现状。介绍了光伏并网发电系统的各种结构及特点,并指出光伏并网逆变器的发展趋势和方向。之后侧重研究光伏逆变器中直流升压DC/DC变换拓扑及最大功率点跟踪技术(MPPT)。详细讨论了目前光伏逆变器常用的各种DC/DC拓扑结构及各自特点,对所选定的DC/DC变换拓扑,即Boost变换器进行了详细分析,建立变换器数学模型,并在MATLAB中进行仿真实验,实验结果表明利用该拓扑能够很好满足中小功率单相光伏逆变器DC/DC升压变换要求。在分析光伏电池板的工作原理及输出特性的基础上,比较了各种最大功率点跟踪技术(MPPT),为光伏系统中最大功率点跟踪技术的选择提供了参考。对逆变器中DC/AC逆变常用拓扑进行了分析和比较,最后选定H全桥电路作为DC/AC变换拓扑模型,随后集中论述功率管驱动与保护技术,设计并制作出具有6路独立驱动能力功率管驱动模块,最后通过对该模块进行的测试验证了对驱动电路所作的各种分析的正确性。
针对逆变器并网时遇到的孤岛现象进行了详细研究。通过研究并网系统通用等效模型,分析了孤岛现象产生的原因以及危害,比较了实际中多种孤岛检测方式,为并网系统中孤岛检测技术的选择提供了依据。讨论了脉宽调制(PWM)以及正弦波脉宽调制(SPWM)技术,以及基于TMSF2812DSP的PWM/SPWM波形生成方式。之后对逆变系统的控制进行了详细研究和仿真分析,通过在逆变控制仿真模型中引入PID控制器对系统进行校正,极大的改善了逆变系统输出动态特性。
The problems of Energy shortage and energy crisises become more and more serious in the world. Meantime, the traditional fossil fuels such as coal、oil and natural gas are used so largely that had brought serious environmental pollution because the use of fossil energy emit bad gases such as CO2、SO2、NO2. All of these reasons inspire us explore new energy to get rid of traditional energy shortage problems. People nowadays put more and more emphasizes on the development and using of clean energy.
Solar energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy, therefore, light fever and photovoltaic energy technologies are developing rapidly. In photovoltaic system, the grid inverter which contributes to convert the DC generated by photovoltaic array into stable AC is an indispensable chain. By grid connection, the sun energy can flow into electrical power grid which can drive load easily.
Recent years, the developments of photovoltaic (PV) grid inverter hardware and the control algorithm have become photovoltaic field research focus center, PV inverter technology achieved rapid development. This paper fully summarizes development situation of photovoltaic inverter at the time being, based on this situation, this paper also go down to study and discuss the key technologies of single-phase photovoltaic (PV) grid inverter.
This first chapter describes the worldwide energy crisis, development situation of the new energy technologies and grid-connected solar inverter. Then describes the various structures and characteristics of the grid-connected PV systems, and grid-connected solar inverter developing trends and direction. The second chapter mainly discuss inverter DC Boost DC/DC conversion topology in the PV and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Detailed discussions are given about the current PV inverters which commonly used in a variety of DC/DC topologies and their characteristics, then the DC/DC conversion topology, Boost, is selected and a detailed analysis of Boost converter are given, in this way we can establish of mathematical model and simulate in MATLAB successfully.
Experimental results show that through using this topology can well satisfy the requirements of small and medium-sized power single-phase photovoltaic inverter DC/DC pressor transform. After working on the principle of photovoltaic panels and output characteristics were analyzed, the various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) were compared, which provides reference for Photovoltaic system to choice the maximum power point tracking technology. The DC/AC inverter topologies commonly used were analyzed and compared, and finally selected as a full bridge circuit H DC/AC conversion topology model, and then concentrate on the power tube drive and protection technology. Design and Create an independent drive capability with 6-channel power MOSFET driver test board, and finally by testing conducted on the test board on the drive circuit is verified by a variety of analysis is correct.
The island phenomenon appeard when the inverter connects to the Grid are studied. The reasons of this phenomenon and island phenomenon harm were analyzed. The actual detecting ways were compared and for grid system provided the basis to choice islanding detection techniques after studying the grid system general equivalent model. The pulse width modulation (PWM) and sine pulse-width modulation (SPWM) technology were discussed in this paper. And so on the waveform generating way based on TMSF2812DSP.After that a detailed study of the control strategy and simulation analysis was given. At The last of this paper there are a summary of the work on the paper, and the prospection of the development of PV systems.
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