摘要
在过去的一个世纪中,口译得到了长足的发展,对口译的研究也取得了巨大的进步。然而,几乎所有的口译研究都是围绕其基本理论或者是对于口头语言的翻译研究。人类的非语言行为含有丰富的信息,很多时候表达的是说话人的真实情感或意图,是一个非常重要的交际手段。因此它不应该是在口译中被忽略的对象。为了探究对非语言行为的口译,本文认真回顾了非语言行为和口译的许多方面。因为它们传递着非常重要的信息,它们应该被翻译。因为它们的持续时间短,它们只能被口头翻译。因为口译的要求,它们应该被口译。在介绍了对一些常见的非语言行为的口译之后,本文中提出了一个对非语言行为进行口译的模式。该模式从对讲话者的非语言行为的感知开始,到对非语言行为的意义的解读,再到决定是否需要进行意义的表达。当然,这个模式只能在特定的条件下遵循特定的规则而得以使用。需要指出的是,无论理论怎样先进或者高明,做好口译工作的不二法门还是扎实的功底和娴熟的技能。因此,要增强口译工作者的这方面技能,就要利用一切机会来学习提高。一方面,要接受系统全面的课堂培训,另一方面,要利用自身的有利条件积极学习。学习它们之间的差异,最终使自己成长为一个优秀的译员。
The past century witnessed the rapid development of interpretation as well as the research of interpretation. However, almost all of the researches deal with the interpretation theory or the interpretation of verbal language. As a very important way of communication to convey messages, the nonverbal actions should not be neglected. For the sake of an insight into the interpretation of the nonverbal actions, both nonverbal actions and interpretation are given a close study in this paper. For the important messages they convey, the nonverbal actions should be explained; for their instantaneity, they must be interpreted immediately; for the requirements of a successful interpretation, they should be interpreted. Then with a discussion of the practice of the interpretation of the nonverbal actions, a model concerning the interpretation of them is put forward. The model goes from detecting the nonverbal actions to comprehending the nonverbal actions and then to judging whether to interpret: the explanation of the meanings of the nonverbal actions. This model can only be applied under certain principles and under certain situations. No matter how advanced the theory is, the only way to do the job well is based on strong competence and skillfulness. So, the cultivation of the competence in interpreting nonverbal actions is also discussed. To improve the competence of interpreting the nonverbal actions, interpreters should make use of every possible opportunity to study. Firstly, they should accept further class training, where they will have systematic cross-cultural training. Second, they should make use of their practice to learn the differences among different nonverbal communications. In this way, they will be excellent interpreters sooner or later.
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