摘要
自20世纪90年代以来,在经济全球化与市场竞争压力加剧的背景下,供应链管理与供应商选择开始受到学术界与企业界越来越多的关注。许多企业也开始意识到加强与供应商的长期合作的重要性。
那么,如何选择技术、质量过硬的企业作为合作厂家,如何对现有供应商做出正确的评价是供应链管理中十分重要的一个环节。中国企业长期以来受计划经济的影响,没有建立规范的供应商评价指标体系,往往依据一定的经验,凭主观判断,定性的选择和评价供应商,甚至在某种程度上还存在着个人利益的供应关系,这样的判断必然会给评价结果带来一定的偏差。此外,生产厂商的综合评价涉及产品质量、生产能力、用户评价、售后服务等诸多方面,很难用单纯的好坏来判定供应商的优劣。
针对上述问题,本文通过对国内外供应商研究现状进行了客观评述,借鉴国内外供应商选择评价的理论方法成果,从供应商的绩效、管理水平、生产能力、发展能力、协同能力、企业信誉及企业外部环境七个大的方面构建了供应商选择与评价指标体系,并将柔性、人力资源、信息化程度等指标也归纳在其中进行评价,使得这一评价指标体系更具有针对性、实用性。在选取方法上,运用模糊层次分析法进行供应商选择,并针对模糊层次分析法中不能对定性指标做出合理界定性问题,采用集值统计理论法可以解决这一问题,是本文的一大创新尝试。最后,本文结合实例分析,说明了该方法的可行性、可操作性、以及评判结果的客观实际性。
From 1990’s, with the advent of economic globalization and market competition intensifies, supply chain management and vendors selection have gained more and more attentions by scholars and the companies. Many companies have begun to be aware of importance strength the long-term cooperation with the vendors too.
Then, how to choose technology, quality, and perfect enterprise cooperation as companies, vendor, how to make a correct assessment of the existing is very important link in the supply chain management. Chinese enterprises have long affected by the impact of influence the planned economy, not to establish a standardized vendor evaluation indices system, often based on some experience, using subjective judgment, qualitative evaluation of the choice vendors, and even to some extent still exist individual interests of supply relations, such judgment to the evaluation of results will inevitably bring certain bias . In addition, producers' comprehensive evaluation involving product quality, productivity, customer evaluation, after-sales, and some other aspects, it is difficult to determine the good or bad use simple vendors’merits.
The paper aiming at the above-mentioned problems, by makes an objective remark on the research status both domestic and abroad. We devise a new system for selecting and evaluating vendors on the foundation of making use of the available theories and methods, not only considering the vendors achievement, management level, produce ability, developmental ability, cooperative ability, business enterprise prestige and external environment of business enterprise be seven big aspects, and considering gentle evaluation, human resource, information indices also induce to evaluate and make the index system has more pertinence and practicability. On the select methods, we use the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) theory to evaluate suppliers and aiming at FAHP method can't rightness reasonable define for subjective index, by using a setting value statistic theories method, may be textual an innovation try. Finally, it’s proved feasibility and maneuverability of method, and elucidates result of objective actual with a case.
引文
[1] Dickson G. An analysis of vender selection system and decisions [J]. Journal of Purchasing, 1966, 2(1):5-17.
[2] Tam M C Y Tummala V M R. An application of the AHP in vendor selection of a telecommunications system.Omega,2001(29):171-182.
[3] Lehmann D R, Shaughnessy J O. Differences in attribute importance for different industrial products [J].Journal of Marketing, 1974, 38 (4):36-42.
[4] Lehmann D R, Shaughnessy J O. Decision criteria used in buying different categories of products [J]. Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 1982, 18(2):9-14.
[5] Ng S T. Sktmore R M,CP-DSS:decision support system for contractor prequalification Civil Engineering Systems:Decision Making Problem Sloving,1995,12(2):133-160.
[6] Gregory, R.E. Source selection: a matrix approach. European Journal of Purchasing&supply Management, 1986(22):24-29.
[7] Timmerman, An approach to vendor performance evaluation. Journal of Purchasing and supply Management, 1986(1):27-32.
[8] Gaballa.Minimum cost allocation of tenders. Operational Research Quarterly, 1974, 25(3):389-398.
[9] S.S.Chaudhry, F.G Forst, J.L.Zydiak. Vendor selection with price breaks. European Journal of Production Research,1983,70(1):52-66.
[10] Yahya S, Kingsman M. Vendor ration for an entrepreneur development programmer: A case study using the analytic hierarchy process method[J].Journal of Operational Research Society,1999(50):916-930.
[11]马士华.论核心企业对供需链战略伙伴关系形成的影响.工业工程与管理,2000,5(1):24-27.
[12]马新安,张列平,冯芸.供应链合作伙伴关系与合作伙伴选择.工业工程与管理,2000(4):33-36.
[13]吕芳.论供应链管理环境下供应商的筛选及维系:[学位论文],北京:北京工业大学2001.
[14]马永军,蔡鹤皋,张曙.网络联盟企业中的设计伙伴选择方法.机械工程学报,2000,36(1):15-19.
[15]孙静春,王刊良,苏秦,评价供应商的DEA方法.高技术通讯,2001(11):53-56.
[16]吴育华,曾祥云,宋继旺.带有AHP约束锥的DEA模型.系统工程学报.1999,14(4):330-333.
[17]马丽娟.基于供应链管理的供应商选择问题初探[J].工业工程与管理.2002(6):23-25
[18]王能民,孙林岩,汪应洛.绿色制造模式下的供应商选择[J].系统工程,2001,19(2):37-40.
[19]仲维清,侯强.供应商评价指标体系与评价模型研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2003 (3):93-97.
[20]堪述勇,陈荣秋.论JIT环境下制造商和供应商之间的关系[J].管理工程学报.1998(3):46-51.
[21]朱道立,林虹,曾宪文.供应商选择决策-集成化软件ERP系统供应商选择.物流技术,2002(2):25-27.
[22]马士华,林勇.供应链管理.北京:机械工业出版社.2000:124.
[23] Weber C A ,Current J R ,Benton W C.Vendor selection criteria and methods.European Journal of Operational Research,1991(50):2-18.
[24] Weber C A ,Current J R, Desai A.An optimization approach to determining the number of vendors to employ.Supply Chain Management:An international Joumal, 2000, 5(2):90-98.
[25]林勇,马士华.供应链管理环境下供应商的综合评价选择研究[J].物流技术.2000(5):30-32.
[26]王寒.基于供应链的制造型企业战略供应商管理研究:[学位论文],成都:四川大学,2004.
[27]辛霞.供应商分类模型及指标体系研究:[学位论文],杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[28]陈傲.电子商务环境下供应商的选择研究:[学位论文]大连:大连理工大学,2005.
[29]霍佳震.企业评价创新-集成化供应链绩效及其评价.河北人民出版社,2001.
[30]刘蕾,唐小我,丁奕翔.供应链管理模式下的供应商柔性评价[J].商业研究,2005(15):6-8.
[31]汪培庄.模糊集与随机集落影[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1985.
[32]钟诗胜,王知行,何新贵.基于模糊区分和模糊重心的决策方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997(3):9-16.
[33]邹辉霞.供应链物流管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[34]胡永宏,贺思辉.综合评价方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[35]张平安,高春华译.神经-模糊和软计算[M].西安交通大学出版社.2000.
[36]于晓霖,方淑芬.基于聚类分析判别函数的神经网络评价模型研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2003(1):41-43.
[37] Charles A.Weber, Anand Desai. Determination of paths to vendor market efficiency using Parallel coordinates representation :A negotiation tool for buyers[J],European Journal ofOperational Research,1996,90:142-155.
[38] Arian.J.R Zwegers,TAG Gransier,Managing re-engineering with the CIMOSA architectural framework[J],Computers in Industry 27(2)(1995):143-153.
[39]刘晓菊,曾建潮.基于AHP和模糊方法的供应链合作伙伴的评价与选择.太原重型机械学院学报,2004(6):81-86.
[40]李淑霞,王时龙.CIMS环境下集成化生产管理系统[J].机械,1999,26(5):32-35.