摘要
双级矩阵变换器(TSMC)因除具有矩阵变换器(MC)输入功率因数可控为1、输入输出正弦、输出频率调节范围宽和四象限运行等优良变频性能外,还具有简单的调制策略、换流策略和嵌位电路,而成为一种很有发展潜力的AC-AC直接功率变换器。本文围绕三相-三相TSMC的拓扑,以及三相-三相18开关TSMC的调制策略、共模电压抑制、仿真验证和3kw样机设计展开研究。
双向开关是MC和TSMC发展的前提,对TSMC整流级使用不同结构的双向开关进行了对比分析,通过对MC和TSMC的传输矩阵推导得出二者具有等效性,证明TSMC和MC有着相同的变频性能。给出了不同约束条件下,TSMC在其基本拓扑、18开关、15开关、12开关和9开关拓扑之间的简化过程,并给出了其它逆变级结构的TSMC拓扑及其研究目的。
分析了18开关TSMC的双空间矢量调制(DSVM)原理,包括整流级无零矢量DSVM和有零矢量DSVM,阐述了TSMC整流级和逆变级的双级协调调制和双级换流策略目的,是达到输出电压恒定和安全换流,双级换流采用整流级零电流换流和逆变级死区换流,给出了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真模型和仿真波形。
针对TSMC存在共模电压的问题,结合TSMC共模电压的分布规律,提出了改进的DSVM,在保证整流级零电流换流的基础上,达到了抑制共模电压的目的,给出了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真验证。
在理论分析的基础上,研制了基于整流级无零矢量DSVM的3kw18开关TSMC样机。详细介绍了主电路开关器件、缓冲电路、输入滤波器和嵌位电路的参数设计,以及基于DSP和CPLD组合的控制系统设计,其中DSP主要实现DSVM算法,CPLD主要完成信息译码、双级换流以及PWM驱动信号输出,给出了基于Quartus II的仿真波形。分析了软件设计过程中小占空比的产生原因、影响及其解决方法。在样机上得到了18开关TSMC的器件级和系统级实验波形,以及采用改进DSVM前后的共模电压波形。
通过仿真和实验,验证了18开关TSMC具有优良的变频性能,采用改进的DSVM达到了抑制共模电压的效果。
Two-stage matrix converter(TSMC), due to, in addition to have controllable input power factor to be one, sinusoidal input and output, wide adjustment range of output frequency and four-quadrant operation as Matrix Converter(MC), but also have a simple modulation strategy, commutation strategy and clamp circuit, has become a great potential AC-AC direct power converter. This paper undertakes a study around the three-phase-three-phase TSMC topology, as well as modulation strategies, common-mode voltage restraining, simulation verification and 3kw prototype design of three-phase-three-phase 18 switches TSMC.
Bi-direction switch is a premise for the development of MC and TSMC. The comparison of different bi-direction switch structures in TSMC’s rectifier-level are analysed. The equivalence of the MC and TSMC can be find by transfer matrix derivation, it has proved the MC and TSMC sharing the same frequency performance. Under the different constraints, the simplify process among the basic topology, 18 switches, 15 switches, 12 switches and 9 switches of TSMC are given, also the other inverter-level structure of the TSMC and their research purposes are given.
The principle of doulbe space vector modulation(DSVM) with 18 switches TSMC is analysed, which contain the none-zero vector and zero vector in the rectifier-level. The purpose of the two-stage coordination modulation and two-stage commutation strategy with rectifier-level and inverter-level are to achieve the output voltage constant and safe commutation. The two-stage commutation contain the zero-current commutation of rectifier-level and dead commutation of inverter- level. The Matlab/Simulink simulation model and simulation waveforms are given. For the existence of common-mode voltage in TSMC, combining with the distribution of TSMC common-mode voltage, an improved DSVM is proposed, which has ensure the zero-current commtation of rectifier-level, and achieve the purpose of common-mode voltage suppression. The simulation verification with Matlab/Simulink is given.
On the basis of the theoretical analyse, a 3kw 18 switches TSMC prototype which base on none-zero vector of rectifier-level is developed. Details of the main circuit switches device, snubber circuit, input filter and clamp circuit’s parameter design are introduced. The combination of DSP and CPLD control system design is given ,in which, the DSP realize the algorithm of DSVM, and the CPLD achieve the signal decoding, two-stage commutation and the PWM drive signal output. The simulation waveforms which base on Quartus II are obtained. The cause, effect and solution of little-duty within software design are analysed. The device-level, system-level, common-mode voltage with the unimproved and improve DSVM experiment waveforms are obtain from the prototype.
Through the simulation and experiment, they are verify the 18 switches TSMC has an excellent frequency performance, and the adoption of improved DSVM reaches the purpose of common-mode voltage suppression.
引文
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