摘要
卫星导航系统在在现代生活中发挥着不可替代的作用,因而成为人们竞相研究的热点之一。然而,由于卫星距离地球几万公里,卫星导航信号十分微弱,极易受到空间或人为因素的干扰。因此,对于卫星导航系统抗干扰技术的研究就显得非常必要。
本文针对抗干扰天线阵列开展研究,基于微带天线技术研究了微带天线的圆极化技术、阵列技术以及抗干扰阵列天线的互耦减小技术。其主要的工作有:
1.介绍了圆极化波的特性和圆极化天线的基本形式,重点阐述了圆极化微带天线的设计与实现技术。论述了微带天线基本分析理论、微带天线设计理论,包括天线贴片设计,天线馈电方法以及馈电网络的设计,为后续圆极化微带天线单元的设计提供了理论支撑。参照前述理论,分别设计了两馈电点和四馈电点的圆极化微带贴片天线。并结合工程实际要求,最终选择了两馈电点圆极化微带天线作为抗干扰天线阵列的基本单元。
2.详细探讨了抗干扰天线阵列中阵元个数、单元间距、单元的排布等阵列设计中的基本问题;研究了阵列中天线单元和馈电点位置对天线阵列方向图的影响,提出了消除这些影响的解决方法;以2*2元矩形阵列天线为例,阐述了抗干扰天线阵列形成零陷的过程,并用AnsoftHFSS软件进行了仿真验证。
3.对影响抗干扰天线阵列性能的互耦问题进行了详细的分析,研究了两种消除天线单元间互耦的方法。第一种方法是在天线单元间添加吸波材料用来吸收表面波,从而达到减小天线单元间互耦的目的;第二种方法是在天线单元间加入电磁带隙结构(EBG),用以对表面波产生阻带,进而减小互耦。给出了这两种减小互耦方法的详细设计和分析过程,并用电磁场仿真分析软件进行了大量的仿真分析与验证。研究结果表明,这两种方法对减小天线单元间的互耦有一定的效果。
Satellite Navigation System is playing an important role in modern life and it isbecoming one of the focuses of attention. However, because of the long distancebetween the Earth and satellites, the signal from satellites is very weak and easy tointerference caused by space or man-made. Therefore, it is very important to study theanti-jamming technology in theoretical field and practical applications.
This paper deals mainly with some aspects on anti-jamming array, expecially onthe circular polarization realization of the microstrip antenna, array design, and mutualcoupling reduction. The main contribution is as follows:
Firstly, the characteristics and shapes of circular polarization antennas aredescribed, and the circular polarization microstrip antenna technology is emphasized.Then, the analytic and design theory of the microstrip antenna is discussed, includingthe design of the patch and the feeding technology. Based on the theory, a two-fed and afour-fed circular polarization antenna are designed, and the detailed procedure is given.According to the design requirements, the two-fed circular polarized antenna is selectedas the element of the anti- jamming array.
Secondly, a detailed description on how to choose the number of the elements, thespace between them and the arrangement in the anti-interference antenna array isshowed. The focus is on the study of the location of the antenna element and feedingpoints, which have an impact on the radiation pattern, and some methods on how toeliminate the influence is proposed. Considering a 2*2 anti-jamming antenna array forexample, the nulling process is described, which is validated with the High-FrequencyStructure Simulation Software (HFSS).
Finally, the mutual coupling in the antenna array is analyzed in detail and twopossible technologies to eliminate the mutual coupling is proposed. The one is to placeabsorbing materials between the antenna elements in order to absorb theelectromagnetic wave. The other is to insert the EBG structure to generate the stopband.The design procedure is given in detailed and computer adied design and analysis arecarried out by Ansoft HFSS. The antenna array is fabricated and measured, and theresults show that both the two methods can effectively decrease the mutual couplingbetween antenna elements.
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