摘要
集成化是未来光通信系统发展的趋势之一,作为光通信网络的重要组成部分,全光信号处理器件必将走向集成化。本论文主要研究了半导体光放大器(SOA)和基于绝缘体上硅(SOI)纳米线波导两种集成器件在非线性全光信号处理领域的应用。
SOA作为全光信号处理的介质之一,凭借其体积小、易集成、功耗低的优势,在全光信号处理领域有着广泛的应用。我们基于SOA中的自发非线性效应成功实现了10Gb/s OOK信号无差错的放大、反转以及到BPSK码型的转换功能,并且提升了输入信号光的消光比适用范围。
基于SOI材料的硅线波导不但与集成电路制作工艺兼容,而且对光的约束能力强,为集成型非线性光学器件提供了理想的解决方案。基于硅波导中的四波混频效应,我们实现了多种码型信号的全光信号处理及其应用,包括全光波长转换、组播、时分解复用、偏振解复用和若干不同功能的全光逻辑门。
OOK信号结构简单、成本低,被大规模应用于密集城域网中。针对OOK调制格式,我们进行了硅基波长转换、组播、时分解复用的研究。分别采用连续光泵浦、脉冲光泵浦进行全光波长转换的实验研究,实现了基于硅波导中四波混频效应的10Gb/s NRZ-OOK的无误差全光波长转换。其次我们分析了光源和放大器对于结果的噪声影响,提出改善方法。我们还实现了多信道并行波长转换,和OOK信号的时分解复用。
DPSK调制格式凭借其高于OOK格式3dB的接收灵敏度以及更好的抗非线性噪声性能被应用于远距离传输中。我们实现了NRZ-DPSK格式信号基于硅波导的全光波长转换,在10Gb/s的信号速率下得到比OOK格式信号小2dB的功率代价。
偏振复用技术凭借将信号加载到同一信道上的两路垂直偏振态通道,达到双倍的传输效率。我们首次实现了20Gb/s的偏振复用信号在硅波导中的全光波长转换、组播和解复用功能。
全光逻辑门是实现高速信息传输和处理的基本器件。我们首次进行并实现了基于硅波导的10Gb/s的NRZ-OOK与、或逻辑功能同时实现的研究；并且首次提出和实现了基于硅波导的NRZ-DPSK异或逻辑门；最后实现了基于硅波导的可重构全光多功能逻辑门,采用偏振编码的调制方式获得了包括半减器,同或、与、或非逻辑门,能够分别得到三个逻辑门的同时实现,该装置还能同时获得两个不同频率输出的三个逻辑结果。
All-optical signal processing has been extensively investigated recently as one of the most promising methods for breaking the electrical bottleneck and reducing the power consumption per bit. The desire to meet the high-capacity and cost-effective demands of various communication applications has led to fiber-optic networks with high speed, larger spectral efficiency, and more compatible size. Among those integrated devices for optical signal processing, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have several advantages of integration and power saving, while silicon waveguides based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure have tight mode confinement ability and high nonlinear coefficients. In this thesis, our contributions on all-optical signal processing based on nonlinear effects in both SOA and SOI waveguide is presented.
Next generation network systems prefer multi-functional all-optical processing to build effective systems. Simultaneous all-optical amplification, inversion and format conversion based on self-induced nonlinear effects in a single SOA has been performed for10Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) signals. The requirement on the extinction ratio range for the input signals has been improved.
All-optical effor-free wavelength conversion, multicasting, and time demultiplexing for OOK signals are performed based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a SOI waveguide. Continuous and pulse pump are individually employed to compare the quality. Some suggestions are proposed to decrease the noises on the output signal. All-optical error-free wavelength conversion for DPSK signals is also achieved at10Gb/s.
Besides, wavelength-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing, polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) technology has also attracted much attention as one of the effective multiplexing methods to double the spectral efficiency. All-optical polarization demultiplexing, wavelength conversion and multicasting for a20Gb/s (2×10Gb/s) polarization-multiplexed (Pol-MUX) NRZ-OOK signal using FWM in a SOI waveguide are first time presented and realized. The temporal waveforms and eye diagrams demodulated from both polarization channels of the converted idler are clearly observed.
All-optical logic gates have been extensively investigated recently as key all-optical signal processing elements to perform various network functions. Several all-optical logic gates based on FWM are first time achieved in SOI waveguide. Simultaneous implementation of logic OR and AND Gates for10Gb/s NRZ-OOK Signals are performed. Besides, all-optical multiple-channel exclusive OR (XOR) gate for10Gb/s NRZ-DPSK signals is realized. Furthermore, we demonstrate a reconfigurable all-optical logic gate for NRZ-PolSK signal at10Gb/s. Either half subtracter (XOR, AB, AB) or XNOR, AND, and NOR logic gates can be implemented simultaneously. The functions of all the three logic gates are experimentally demonstrated using10or40-bit DPSK sequences and the eye diagrams are clearly observed.
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