摘要
翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus Basilewsky)是徐家河水库中的一种重要经济鱼类。2007年9月—2008年8月,从徐家河水库采集了193尾样本。应用常规生物学方法,对其年龄结构、生长特性、个体生殖力及繁殖特性等进行了研究,旨为种群资源的保护和可持续发展提供参考。主要研究结果如下:
1、翘嘴鱼自的年轮特征主要有疏密型、切割型和断裂破碎型三种。鳞片上的副轮较为多见,尤以高龄鱼出现更为频繁。幼轮只在极少数翘嘴鲐个体的鳞片中存在。
2、翘嘴鲌样本由0~+～5~+龄组成,1~+～2龄为优势年龄组,占39.4%。样本的体长范围为185.3～612.8mm,优势体长集中在250～500mm,占总数的77.72%。体重范围为96.3～2550.2g,优势体重集中在100～400g,占总数的42.49%。
3、体长与鳞径呈直线相关,回归方程为L=93.818R+68.567(r~2=0.9555,n=193);体长与体重的幂函数关系方程为W=1.0×10~(-5)L~(2.9477)(r~2=0.9777,n=193),属匀速生长式型;用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合求得的体长和体重生长方程为:L_t=1267.2(1-e~(-0.0899(t+0·9894))),W_t=14004.5(1-e~(0.0899(t+0·9894)))~(2.9477)。翘嘴鲌生长拐点为11龄,此时体长为837.2mm,体重为4126.7g。建议最小捕捞规格为4龄,此时体长为458.0mm,体重为697.4g。
4、徐家河水库翘嘴鲌的繁殖群体共有153尾,分为5个年龄组,主要由2~+～3龄和3~+～4龄个体组成,占整个繁殖群体的65.4%,雌雄比为1.19:1。雌性翘嘴鱼自最小性成熟个体为1~+龄,体长为364.5mm,体重为482.2g。雄性翘嘴鲌最小性成熟个体为1~+龄,体长为345.5mm,体重为423.5g。
5、卵巢从3月开始发育,4—6月为卵巢快速发育阶段,6月份成熟系数最高,6—8月成熟系数开始迅速下降,8—9月份为产后退化吸收阶段,成熟系数继续下降,10月卵巢退化吸收基本结束。10月至翌年3月,成熟系数处于全年最低水平。结合野外调查确定徐家河水库翘嘴鱼自的繁殖期在5—8月,繁殖盛期集中在5—6月。
6、通过卵巢组织切片、卵径分布图和野外调查等综合确定徐家河水库翘嘴鲐在年生殖周期中可产卵两次,属短期分批产卵类型鱼类。
7、翘嘴鲌样本个体绝对生殖力F为9.5366×10~4～48.6400×10~4粒,平均为2.1874×10~5粒;体长相对生殖力F_1为2509.6～8066.3粒·cm~(-1),平均为4627.5粒·cm~(-1);体重相对生殖力F_w为176.2～288.4粒·g~(-1),平均为237粒·g~(-1)。
8、个体绝对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄分别呈幂函数、幂函数和直线相关,体长相对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄也分别呈幂函数、幂函数和直线相关,而体重相对生殖力与其相关性不显著。多元逐步回归分析表明个体绝对生殖力与体重和性腺重密切相关,体长相对生殖力与性腺重、肥满度和成熟系数密切相关,而体重相对生殖力仅与成熟系数相关。
Culter alburnus is an important economic fish in Xujiahe Reservoir,China.From September 2007 to August 2008,193 specimens collected from Xujiahe Reservoir were used to study the age structure,growth characteristics,individual fecundity and reproduction characteristics of C.alburnus with routine methods.The purpose is to provide information for population resources conservation and sustainable development.The main results were summarized as follows:
1.The characteristics of annuli on the scales of C.alburnus were mainly loose-close type,cutting type and fracture type.The false rings often appeared on the scales,especially in the elderly C.alburnus.However,the fry checks only existed on the scales of a minority of individuals of C.alburnus.
2.The age of C.alburnus samples ranged from 0~+ to 5~+ and individuals of 1~+～2 year-class were dominant,occupying more than 39.4%of all samples.The body length ranged from 185.3 mm to 612.8 mm.Individuals of body length 250 mm to 500 mm were dominant,occupying 77.72%of all samples.The body weight ranged from 96.3 g to 2550.2 g.Individuals of body weight 100 g to 400 g were dominant, occupying 42.49%of all samples.
3.The diameters of scale took on linear relationship with standard length,the regression equation could be expressed by the formula:L=93.818R+68.567(r~2= 0.9555,n=193).The relationship between body length and body weight could be expressed as W=1.0×10~(-5)L~(2.9477)(r~2=0.9777,n=193).Growth took on a constant speed style,which could be described by the Von Bertalanffy equations.The growth equations were L_t=1267.2093(1-e~(-0.0899(t+0.9894))) and W_t =14004.4500(1-e~(-0.0899(t+0.9894)))~(2.9477) for body length and body weight respectively.The body weight growth inflexion point was about 11.03 years,with the corresponding body length of 837.18mm and body weight of 4126.66g.Suggestions were provided for the minimum age of catch age was up to 4 years old when body length may reach 458.03mm and body weight reach 697.44g.
4.The number of reproductive population of C.alburnus was 153 in Xujiahe Reservoir.The samples were divided into five age groups and individuals of 2~+～3 year-class and 3~+～4 year-class were dominant,occupying 65.4%of the whole reproductive population.The ratio of female to male was 1.19:1.All females and males of 1~+～2 year-class old reached maturity.The minimum mature female was 364.5mm in length and 482.2g in weight.The minimum mature male was 345.5mm in length and 423.5g in weight.
5.The ovarian began to develop in March,and it developed fast during April to June.The mature coefficient was maximum in June,and it began to decrease rapidly from June to August.The ovarian was in the phase of degradation and absorption from August to September,and the mature coefficient continued to decrease,the whole progress ended in October.The mature coefficient was minimal in October till the beginning of the next March.Combined with field investigation,we could determine that the breeding season of C.alburnus in Xujiahe Reservoir was in April to August,and the epacme was in May to July.
6.Histological section of ovarian,frequency distribution figure of oocyte diameter and field investigation of C.alburnus in Xujiahe Reservior were analyzed,the results showed that the development of oocytes in the ovary of C.alburnus was in a successive process and female could spawn twice within a reproductive period,they were short-term batch spawners.
7.The individual absolute fecundity(F) of Culter alburnus ranged from 9.5366×10~4 to 48.6400×10~4 eggs with an average of 2.1874×10~5.The relative fecundity per centimeter(F_L) ranged from 2509.6 to 8066.3 eggs with an average of 4627.5.The relative fecundity per gram(F_W) ranged from 176.2 to 288.4 eggs with an average of 237.
8.Relationship between the individual fecundity and body length,body weight, age could be regressed in exponential,exponential and linear equation,respectively, so did the relationship between relative fecundity per centimeter and body length, body weight,age.However,the relative fecundity per gram had no significant correlation with them.Multi-regressive analyses showed that the individual absolute fecundity was significantly related with body weight and gonad weight,relative fecundity per centimeter was significantly related with gonad weight,relative fatness and maturity,while relative fecundity per gram only related with maturity.
引文
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