摘要
随着我国高速公路网的不断完善,市际、市域、市内交通的可达性、高效性、便捷性及安全性都得到了很大的提升。但是各种病害不断侵蚀着原有道路,尤其是车辙病害在全国范围内都普遍存在,严重损害了沥青路面的使用性能,路面服务水平的降低,大大增加了道路运营者的成本和道路使用者的出行费用。实践证明,造成路面损坏的原因除了超载、自然老化等这些外因,最关键的是混合料级配这一内在因素。因此,级配优化研究工作势在必行。
级配设计依赖于设计经验,已有的优化方法多从调整级配入手,侧重于对宏观因素如粒径大小的调控。但是实践表明,矿料级配性能不仅与其粒径大小有关,也与颗粒形状、规格和质地有很大的关系,现行级配设计方法仅考虑粒径大小,不能取得最优的设计结果。所以多尺度分析级配影响因素,研究级配设计方法具有重要意义。
本文从矿料微观尺度展开研究,借助于图像处理技术,对矿料颗粒的形状特征深入研究,提出表征矿料颗粒形状特征的参数。并在预先设定不同形状颗粒的不同含量下,进行混合料高温性能试验,探求各参数的变化规律；并采用分形理论研究级配曲线量化方法。论文还利用SPSS分析软件分析得到混合料性能与矿料颗粒形状特征参数和级配参数的数学关系,且相关性较高。
论文所提模型反映了矿料级配与颗粒对沥青混合料性能的综合影响,为级配优化设计提供了理论基础。若矿料一定,级配一定,可根据模型计算出混合料性能,从而可对矿料级配组成的初步设计进行调整,大大提高了沥青混合料设计效率,是一种对级配设计的“事前”优化方法。成果用于混合料设计,对提高沥青混合料路用性能,减少路面病害有重要意义。
With the perfection of the national expressway network, the accessibility, high efficiency, convenience and safety of transportation have been promoted dramatically. But various damage has been destroying constructed pavement. Especially rutting could be found on a national scale, affected performance of asphalt pavement seriously, reduced the level of service sharply, and increased the cost of operating and using. It has been proven in practice that besides of over loading and natural aging, the main factors which caused pavement damage was gradation of aggregate mixture. Therefore, the study of optimizing mix design must be enforced.
The mix design depended heavily on the design experience. Existing optimization methods, from adjustment, emphasized on macroscopic factors, such as the size of aggregate. But it has been proven that the performance of aggregate mixture had relation not only with the size of aggregate but also with the shape, standard, and texture of aggregate. But existing mix design method only considered the size of aggregate, and cannot make out the best result. So it has important meaning that analyze the factors of mixture multiscale and studying the method of mix design.
This paper launched research on the microscope of aggregate, using the image processing technique, studied deeply the characters of aggregate, and proposed parameters characterizing the shape of aggregate. On the condition that different aggregate had different contends, this dissertation conducted performance tests, searched the principle of parameters, studied the quantification method of gradation curve on the basis of fractal theory. This paper also utilized SPSS to analyzed and worked out the mathematical relationship between the parameters of aggregate shape and the performance of mixture, and amended the model through test.
The model proposed by this paper reflected the combined influence of gradation and aggregate, which offered theory basis for optimizing mix design. If the aggregate and gradation were given, the mixture performance can be calculated by the model. Therefore the primitive design can be adjusted, which promoted the efficiency of mix design. The conclusion can be used in mix design, and had great meaning on reducing pavement damage.
引文
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