摘要
近些年来纳米材料和高精度加工与制备技术的不断提高为光学技术的深入开展提供了技术基础和条件，使光学集成技术逐渐成为人们关注的热点，并且在光学集成领域占有重要地位，光学微腔技术的研究在这一背景下得到了空前重视，出现了一些创造性的成果。为了深入研究光学微腔的特性，本文针对光子晶体微腔进行了结构上的设计；并计算了金属反射薄膜对其辐射特性的影响；讨论了光子晶体KTP缺陷微腔在痕量气体浓度测量系统中的应用；构建了光子晶体微腔气室的光纤环路测量实验系统。
首先，在光子晶体平板微腔结构的基础上，引入金属反射薄膜，利用金属在近红外区的高反射性，分别分析了金和银两种金属对三角晶格光子晶体微腔辐射特性的影响。通过反射薄膜与光子晶体平板之间形成空气间隙高度的变化，研究了该变化对光子晶体微腔谐振波长、品质因子和辐射线宽等特性的影响；利用时域有限差分法对所设计的结构进行了计算，得到了空气间隙的变化过程中光子晶体平板微腔内的场强分布特性，实现了Q值最大时腔内场的均匀分布，为可调谐光子晶体激光器的制备提供了理论基础。
其次，在三角晶格硅基底光子晶体平板结构中心位置引入KTP晶体，构成光子晶体点缺陷微腔结构。利用平面波展开法计算了KTP晶体的半径变化对光子晶体禁带范围的影响；通过设置不同的KTP晶体半径，得到禁带范围不同的光子晶体微腔结构特性。
在实验设计中，进一步设计光纤环路衰荡痕量气体浓度测量系统，制备相应禁带范围的光子晶体微腔结构，将KTP缺陷光子晶体微腔固定于气室中，根据待测气体在近红外区域的吸收峰波长，保证吸收峰信号光频率通过光子晶体微腔，实现测量系统中噪声信号的滤除。
最后，构建了基于光子晶体微腔气室的痕量气体浓度测量实验测量系统，对系统中的关键器件：掺铒光纤放大器和可调光衰减器等进行了性能测试实验。得出基于Labview的数据采集系统用以接收不同浓度时的气体衰荡时间，绘制了气体衰荡拟合曲线。根据光纤环路衰荡原理得到了NH3的典型浓度衰荡曲线，验证了光子晶体微腔在痕量气体浓度测量中应用的可行性。
In recent years, the appearance of nanomaterials and fabrication for high-precisionplay important roles for thorough investigation of optical technique which leadsintegration optics to the hotspot. The optical microcavity is proposed and has significantplace in integration optics field. Some creative achievements emerge one after another. Inorder to investigate the properties of microcavity, we present a photonic crystalmicrocavity and calculate the emission characteristics. Furthermore, the application ofphotonic crystal defect microcavity in concentration measurement of trace gas isrepresented and proved experimentally.
First of all, we introduce the metallic reflective film on both sides of photonic crystalslab. In consideration of the high reflectivity of metal in infrared region, the influence ofmetallic film on triangle lattice photonic crystal microcavity is analyzed. The variation ofair band located between the photonic crystal slab and metal has an effect on emissioncharacteristics of photonic crystal microcavity, such as resonant wavelength, quality factorand emission linewidth. Uniform distribution of field is achieved at the maximum qualityfactor which leads to the possibility of tunable photonic crystal laser.
Secondly, KTP crystal is injected into the center of Si-substrate photonic crystal slabwith triangle lattice by which the defect microcavity is formed. We calculate the bandgapof photonic crystal microcavity with different radius of KTP using planar wave expansionmethod. The dependence of radius of KTP crystal on bandgap of photonic crystal isobtained.
In addition, the concentration measurement system of trace gas based on fiber loopring-down method is proposed. The photonic crystal microcavity with KTP defect is fixedin the gas cell. According to the absorption wavelength in infrared region of interest gas,the signal light can pass through the photonic crystal microcavity with specular bandgaprange and the noise is prohibited.
Finally, on the basis of photonic crystal microcavity, the experimental setup forconcentration measurement of trace gas is established. The performance tests of key elements in system are accomplished. The ring down time of trace gas at differentconcentration is received by the data acquisition system programmed by Labview. Thecorresponding fitting curve is plotted according to the data stored by personal computer.Moreover, the ring down curve of typical concentration is obtained theoretically by whichthe application of photonic crystal microcavity in concentration measurement of trace gasis proved.
引文
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