摘要
电力行业已经成为了国民经济和人民生活的基础能源产业。近年来,我国电力行业也有了突飞猛进的发展。但随着我国经济社会的发展,用电量剧增,传统的人工抄表收费方式已经不能满足现代化电力管理的要求。在电能使用量大幅度增加的情况下,电力公司对电能数据的及时采集与分析工作遇到了日益严重的挑战,已经成为当前电力公司急需解决的关键问题之一。
本文针对上述问题,基于嵌入式系统的速度快,芯片体积更小、功能更强,并且具有简单、高效、易于升级的特点,采用现代的嵌入式技术来设计手持式自动抄表系统。系统具备快速读取用户电表内的电能数据,并进行快速数据处理和数据上传的功能,能够方便抄表员采集电能数据,做到数据采集高效、无误、完整的特点。本文完成的主要研究工作内容如下：
(1)根据设计手持式自动抄表系统的功能要求,在对国内外嵌入式技术和案例的分析、研究之后,完成了一种以STM32F103ZET6芯片为核心,具有多种外部存储器设备、红外通信设备、USB设备和以太网设备为一体的手持式自动抄表系统。
(2)基于系统要求具有便携、快速、稳定和完整等特点,并根据嵌入式系统硬件设计要求、以及各个功能模块的软件驱动要求,设计完成了具体功能设计的程序流程,并在流程的基础上完成软件控制程序的编写。对于红外通信模块,主要完成了基于红外通信规约规范的数据抄写功能；对数据存储模块,主要完成数据在各个存储器上的数据存储功能；对数据上传模块,分别完成了通过USB和以太网两种方式进行抄表系统与上位机之间的数据通信。
(3)对系统的硬件和软件进行了联合调试,结果表明：系统样机的各项功能基本达到了系统设计方案的要求。
Electric power industry has been become a basic industry of the national economy and people's life. The electric power industry has been get a rapid development in resent years. But with the development of economy and society, and the increasing demand of electric energy year by year, the method of traditional charges by manual meter reading can not meet the requirements of modern electric power's management. In the case of a substantial increase of electric energy consumption, how to collect and analyse data of electric energy timely has become one of most important problems which need to be solved urgently by power conpanies.
Aiming at the problem in front page, This article uses the modern embedded technology to design a handheld automatic meter reading system.Embedded system has a lot of advantages such as faster processing speed, smaller chip and more powerful, and it is easy to upgrade with simple and efficient features. This system not only can read the energy data quickly which is stored in the user's electric meter,but also processes and uploads data rapidly.It is convenient for the electric meter readers to collect energy data efficiently, accurately and completely.The main research contents include the following aspects:
Firstly, according to the function requirements of meter reading system,as well as analysing embedded technology at home and abroad, the handheld and automatic meter reading system is completed.The system includes the STM32F103ZET6chip as a core and some kinds of external memory^infrared communication device、USB communication device and Ethernet devices.
Secondly, according to the feature requirements for portable, fast, stable and integrity,and based on the handware design of embedded system,as well as the software driver requirements of the various functional modules, the program flow of the design of specific functions is accomplished,And on that basis the the software control program is finished.The function of copying data which based on the infrared communication protocol is completed by the infrared communication module.The function of data storage which stored in each memory data storage capabilities is completed by the data storage module. And the function of the data communication between the system and the host computer with the methods of USB and Ethernet is completed by the data upload module.
Thirdly, the two-sided debugging of the system's hardware and software proves that the system fufills the requiements of the system prototype.
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