摘要
无线传感器网络是计算机科学领域一个新的研究热点,它在诸如地理探测、环境监测、国防军事、精细农业以及运输业、工业、商业等各个领域的广阔应用前景引起了学术界和工业界的高度重视。无线传感器网络的关键技术主要包括MAC协议、路由协议、低功耗技术、数据融合、网络管理、定位和安全等。其中,无线传感器网络的MAC协议直接控制物理层并向网络层提供服务,对传感器网络的性能有极大影响,是保证传感器网络高效通信的关键点和难点之一。本文主要针对无线传感器网络的MAC协议展开了研究。
本文通过深入研究Ad hoc网络和传感器网络中各种经典的单信道和多信道MAC协议,总结出了无线传感器网络的信道特征,并针对此特征设计了无线传感器网络的一种多信道MAC协议MCMS(Multi-Channel MAC for Sensor networks)。该协议通过有效地融合动态信道分配机制、信道准预留机制、短帧机制和功率控制机制,在保证一定能量有效性的基础上,达到了降低网络的丢包率、提高网络吞吐量和提升抗干扰性能的目的。
本文首先回顾了传感器网络的研究背景、传感器网络的特征、应用领域、当前国内外研究现状和网络体系结构,随后,本文研究了传感器网络MAC协议的面临的问题,并深入分析了一些经典的无线网络MAC协议特点。然后,在继承和改进多种经典协议的基础上,本文设计了针对无线传感器网络的多信道MAC协议MCMS。最后,本文在SCINs实验平台上实现了MCMS协议,并通过大量实测验证了MCMS协议的性能。
分析结果和实测结果表明,与传统的单信道协议相比,多信道的MAC协议MCMS可以显著降低网络流量较大时的网络丢包率,提高流量较大时的网络吞吐量,并且能够很好的改善网络抗干扰性能。
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a new research area of computer science and technology. As it has a wide application future in geophysical monitoring, precision agriculture, habitat monitoring, transportation, military systems and business processes, both academia and industries are very interested in it. Research of WSNs communication protocols includes medium access control (MAC) protocols, routing protocols, energy efficiency, data fusion and so on. MAC protocols control physical layer (PHY) and provide reliable services directly to network layer, so it is one of the key technologies of WSNs and have a great influence on WSNs performance.
Through in-depth study single-channel and multi-channel MAC protocols of general Ad hoc network, we abstract a channel model of wireless sensor networks, and against this model, a multi-channel MAC protocol MCMS was designed for WSNs in this dissertation. MCMS integrated use dynamic channels assign mechanism, soft reserve mechanism, short frame mechanism and power control mechanism, to ensure a certain energy effectiveness, and reduce network packet loss, improve the network throughput and anti-jamming performance.
Firstly, the dissertation introduced reserch backgrounds, characteristics, application areas of WSNs and structure of WSNs. Secondly, the dissertation discussed existing MAC protocols and keys of MAC protocols. Then a new multi-channel MAC protocol named MCMS for WSN was designed. Thirdly, MCMS was implemented and tested in SCINs platform which is developed by our project team. Finally, the dissertation draws a conclution by summarizing the research and presenting direction for future work.
Results of tests show that compared with classical single-channel MAC protocols, the multi-channel MAC protocols MCMS can effectively decrease packet loss, improve mean throughput and anti-jamming performance of WSNs.
引文
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