摘要
目的:探讨新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠人高血压病传统危险因素及其高血压与膳食、水质相关因素分析。方法:于2005年9月及2008年10月,在新疆“塔克拉玛干沙漠人”居住地(新疆和田地区于田县达里雅布依乡),以统计2008年达里雅布依乡户籍本为标准,总计“沙漠人”总人口数为1171人,应用WHO MONICA方案,采取随机抽样的方法,对508名≥16岁塔克拉玛干“沙漠人”进行高血压流行病学调查,膳食调查,血液生化检测,及进行当地水质检测。将≥30岁282名“沙漠人”与随机抽取新疆和田于田县≥30岁成年人151名进行对照分析。结果:≥30岁沙漠组高血压检出率为14.55%,≥30岁于田组高血压检出率为42.95%,经2×2列联表χ2检验,两组检出率有显著差异(P<0.001)。BMI、HDL-C两组比较有差异(P<0.05),TG、TC、LDL-C、空腹血糖、摄入脂肪量、摄盐量两组比较有显著差异(P<0.001)。而腰围两组比较无统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、高血糖、摄盐量与高血压的传统危险因素相关;膳食营养素中主要以摄盐量、钠与高血压危险因素相关。水质与高血压检出率进行相关分析显示,水质中钙与高血压检出率成正相关,溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、氯化物、氟化物、钾、钠、镁均与高血压检出率成负相关。结论:性别、年龄、高血糖、摄盐量及膳食中摄盐量、钠摄入与沙漠人高血压的危险因素相关。“沙漠人”高血压检出率低(10.89%),该干旱地区生活饮用水水质特点以低钙高镁为主,与减少高血压的发生可能相关。
Objective: Our study aimed at exploring the traditional risk factors of hypertension in the Taklimakan desert as well as its association with diet and water quality. Methods: We performed an epidemiological survey focusing on diet, water quality and plasma biochemical assays in a randomly selected natural population including 508 individuals aged 16 or more known as“desert men”, who are currently residing in the Taklimakan desert using the WHO MONICA scheme. In addition, we compared these profiles among adults 30 years of age and older between 282“desert men”and 151 randomly selected controls in Yutian country of Hetian city. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, sex, hyperglycemia and salt consumption as well as and sodium intake in diet were associated with traditional hypertension risk factors. Correlation between water quality and hypertension showed that calcium was positively associated with the detection rate of hypertension, while total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, potassium, sodium and magnesium conferred negative associations. Conclusions: Age, Sex, hyperglycemia and salt consumption as well as sodium intake in diet were correlated with hypertension risk factors, which leads to the speculation that the water of the desert draught area characterized by high calcium and low magnesium might account for the low incidence of hypertension in the“desert men”(10.89%)
引文
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