摘要
高温燃料电池-燃气轮机混合动力系统是上世纪末、本世纪初刚刚兴起的一种高效、环保的新型动力系统,在未来发电领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,高温燃料电池-燃气轮机混合动力系统是一个复合过程、一个复杂的能量转换过程,该类系统的非线性特性及其协调控制问题一直是悬而未决的难题。本文以由熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)和燃气轮机(GT)等组成的混合动力系统为研究对象,提出了基于MCFC-GT混合动力系统非线性特征的协调控制方法。具体如下:
(1)MCFC-GT混合动力系统数学模型的建立
本文采用机理建模的方法,建立了MCFC-GT混合动力系统的集总参数模型,研究MCFC-GT混合动力系统的稳定运行以及对外界扰动的相应特性。
(2)基于总能概念的MCFC-GT混合动力系统特性分析
本文讨论了MCFC-GT混合动力系统不同工况下的工作性能,结果表明:MCFC-GT混合动力系统具有较高的发电效率,但系统的工况变化范围较小,可通过调节燃气轮机的转速来改善系统的变工况性能。然而,采用变转速燃气轮机的运行方式将削弱底层循环的作用,不利于充分发挥MCFC-GT混合动力系统的优势。
(3)MCFC-GT混合动力系统的动态特性分析
本文首先对MCFC的动态特性进行深入研究,得到了MCFC的温度分布特性。在此基础上来研究MCFC-GT混合动力系统的动态性能。结果表明:MCFC-GT混合动力系统在设计点工况下的工作性能最佳;系统对外界扰动的响应速度较慢,稳定时间较长。
(4)实验研究
本文进行了MCFC电堆、压气机性能及透平性能实验,对MCFC-GT混合动力系统的仿真模型进行了部分验证。仿真结果与实验数据能很好吻合。
(5)MCFC-GT混合动力系统的协调控制研究
MCFC-GT混合动力系统是被控特性非常复杂的对象,针对系统的非线性特性,本文提出了三种协调控制策略,建立了一个模糊协调控制器。对MCFC-GT混合动力协调控制系统的仿真研究表明,该控制方法稳定性好,且动态性能具有较小超调量和较短调节时间。
The high temperature fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid system is an advanced efficiency and ecological power system, which rose at the end of last century and the beginning of this century. It has a wide application prospect in the field of electric power. However, the problem of the nonlinear characteristics and the coordinated control on hybrid system is a worldwide difficult problem for its compound and complex conversion process of energy. This paper presents a molten carbonate fuel cell -gas turbine (MCFC-GT) hybrid system as the study object to research the method of the coordinated control based on nonlinear characteristics of MCFC-GT hybrid system. The details are listed as below:
(1) Model building of MCFC-GT hybrid system
Based on the mechanism modeling method, a lumped parameter model of MCFC-GT hybrid system is presented. The stable operating and the dynamic response performance of the hybrid system are discussed in this paper.
(2) Research on characteristics of MCFC-GT hybrid system based on total energy concept
This paper discusses the working performance of MCFC-GT hybrid system at diffirent work conditions. The results show that the hybrid system is high efficiency but the change range of work conditions is narrow. The work condition can be extended by a variable-speed gas turbine. However, this method of operation weakens the action of bottoming cycle. The advantage of hybrid system can’t been good use fully.
(3) Research on dynamic performance of MCFC-GT hybrid system
This paper deeply studies the dynamic characteristics of MCFC. Based on the distribution of the temperature dynamic characteristics of MCFC, the dynamic performance of MCFC-GT hybrid system is presented. The results show the best working performance of hybrid system appears at design working condition. The hybrid system need longer time to stabilization for external disturbance.
(4) Experiment
This paper presents the performance experiments of MCFC, compressor and turbine to proof the simulation model of MCFC-GT hybrid system partially. The simulation result and the experimental result inosculate very well.
(5) Research on coordinated control of MCFC-GT hybrid system
The controlled performance of MCFC-GT hybrid system is very complicated. According to the nonlinear characteristic of hybrid system, three coordinated control strategies are presented and a fuzzy coordinated controller is built. The simulation of control performance of hybrid system results show the control method is great stable. The dynamic performance brings smaller overshoot and shorter adjusting time.
引文
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