摘要
我国大多数油田为低渗透的低能、低产油田,需要靠人工举升方法把石油从井下提出到地面上,潜油泵作为其中一种人工举升方法广泛应用于油田。目前,潜油泵电机主要有异步电机和永磁同步电机,前者低速运行转矩性能差,后者需要永磁体存在高温退磁现象。
开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM)调速系统是一种先进的机电一体化装置,不需要永磁体,启动转矩大,可靠性高,适合于井下潜油泵应用。但是,传统三相SRM调速系统需要6根电缆连接功率变换器和电机绕组,电缆根数较多、成本较高,限制了其井下潜油泵应用。
本文提出新型的分布式绕组开关磁阻电机,功率变换器到电机绕组两端仅需要3根电缆,很大程度上节约了驱动系统成本。论文系统研究了该新电机的基本结构、运行原理、数学建模以及控制策略等问题。最后,加工制作了试验样机,并进行了试验分析和验证。
论文主要研究内容及成果包括以下几个方面：
1、提出新型的分布式绕组开关磁阻电机,论述了新型电机的工作原理,以及在标准桥式功率变换器驱动下的控制策略。
2、对该电机进行有限元分析,分别对其磁场分布、磁通密度、自感、互感以及输出转矩等电磁特性进行计算,并和传统型SRM对比。
3、提出新型电机磁网络模型,推导其线性和非线性静态模型,线性模型用于快速分析该分布式绕组SRM的特性,非线性模型用于精确计算电机电磁特性,并将非线性模型计算的结果和有限元法对比,验证提出的非线性数学模型的有效性。
4、应用状态空间法,建立新型SRM的动态仿真模型。通过新型SRM驱动系统的场路耦合联合仿真,验证提出的新电机状态空间模型的正确、有效,并对比分析了传统SRM和新型SRM的输出转矩以及转矩脉动等特性。所建立的动态模型,可用于动态仿真,比场路耦合联合仿真节约大量时间。
5、对传统SRM的光电编码器进行改进,提出新型SRM的转子位置检测装置,制作新型SRM的试验样机,构建以TMS320F2812为控制芯片的驱动控制系统。
6、实验测量该新型SRM的静态特性,并对新电机驱动系统进行了电流斩波控制、角度位置控制以及动态性能等试验,以验证该新型SRM的基本原理和控制策略,以及数学模型,为该新型电机实用化提供理论和试验基础。
Most of oil fields are the low-energy and low-yielding fields with low permeability in China, so oil has to be pumped by using artificial lift methods. Submersible pump,a kind of artificial lift method, is widely used in the oil field.Now the submersible pump motor mainly includes asynchronous motor and permanent magnet sychronous motor.For the the former, torque performance is poor at low speed, while the later has characteristics of high temperature demagnetization due to the magnet.
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system, which is an advanced mechatronic devices, has high start torque and reliability without magnet.It is suitable for application of submersible pump motor. As for conventional three-phase SRM speed control system, six cables are required connecting the power converter with the ends of the windings of motor, which leads to higher costs and is not suitable for the application in submersible pump motor.
A novel distributed winding SRM is proposed in the dissertation.There are only three cables connecting the inverter and winding of motor, which largely saves the cost of drive system. The basic structure, operating principles, mathematical modeling, and control strategies on the distributed winding SRM in the dissertation are studied in detail. And the prototype motor is constructed and is used in testifying conrectness of simulation.
The research contents and achievements in the dissertation mainly show as follows:
1. The distributed winding SRM is proposed. The dissertation develops the basic operation principle of the novel SRM and presents control strategy under the driven by stardard bridge inverter.
2. The magnetic field distribution,flux density,self-inductance,mutul-inductance and magnetic torque are calculated by using a FE model.Further,the results compare with convention SRM.
3. Magnetic equivalent circuit model is proposed in the dissertation. Linear and non-linear mathematics static model is derived.The former is used in quickly calculating the electromagnetic characteristics of DSRM. The later aims to calculate the accurate electromagnetic characteristics. Besides, simulation results of non-linear model are compared with the results of FE model,which verifys the high accuracy of proposing non-linear mathematic model of DSRM.
4. As for the novel SRM, this dissertation provides the dynamic simulation model using the state space method.Also building the field-circuit coupling analysis models of the novel SRM aims to testify state space model.Besides,the output torque and torque ripple characteristics of the new type SRM and conventional SRM are compared.The building dynamic model used in dynamic simulation saves more time than mangnetic circuit co-simulation.
5. The dissertation proposes a novel rotor position detecting device base on conventional photoelectric encode, constructs novel experimental prototype SRM, and builds the drive system with DSP TMS320F2812.
6. Static characteristics of the novel SRM is measured at the test bench. The current chopping control and angular position control are implemented. The results verifies the correctness and availability of the basic principles, control strategy and dynamic mathematical model, whcih provides the theoretical and experimental foundation for the actual application of the novel SRM.
引文
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