摘要
目前,以P2P为核心的流媒体技术应用已经取得了长足的发展,但是在IPv4网络环境下,由于流媒体本身的强实时性、P2P网络的动态性以及网络条件的局限,P2P流媒体体系在网络规模、服务质量、带宽占用和安全性等方面仍存在诸多问题。IPv6是下一代互联网的基础,从IPv4向IPv6过渡是互联网发展的必然趋势,IPv6相对于IPv4的改进及其特有的流特性,使得基于IPv6协议的P2P流媒体传输更加具有优越性。
本文针对IPv4网络环境下P2P流媒体体系所存在的上述问题,提出了一种基于IPv6的分层分布式的P2P流媒体服务体系结构AMSMP(Architecture of the Streaming Media Service Based-on Multicast and P2P)。AMSMP采用基于真实IPv6地址的节点加入身份认证技术,有效地避免匿名身份登陆所带来的安全隐患,提高了系统的安全性;提出了一种利用IPv6基本报头中的流标签字段计算节点间距离-跳数的新机制,减轻了P2P逻辑覆盖网络与物理网络误匹配的矛盾。同时,通过将节目按照热度进行分类,对热门节目采用组播传输,以解决P2P节点频繁请求和传输这些数据块导致网络通信繁忙的问题,大大节约了网络带宽;通过对组播所丢失的数据分块和冷门节目采用P2P方式传输,实现了IPv6组播与P2P在流媒体数据分发上的协作,保证了数据传输的完整性和提高了数据交换的速度。
本文最后对AMSMP的可扩展性、可靠性和端到端延迟进行了仿真实验,结果表明所设计的体系结构具有良好的整体性能和实用价值。
At present, the streaming media applications based on P2P have got considerable development, however, under IPv4 network environment, due to the hard real-time of streaming media and dynamic characteristic of P2P network as well as the limitation of network condition, there are obvious problems in P2P streaming media system in many aspects such as network scale, quality of service, bandwidth occupation, security and so on. IPv6 is the basis for next generation Internet, and the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is an inevitable trend in the development of Internet. The improvement relative to IPv4 and specific flow characteristics of IPv6 make P2P streaming media transmission have more superiority.
According to the above mentioned problems in P2P streaming media system under IPv4 network environment, the thesis put forwards a hierarchical distributed P2P streaming media service architecture-AMSMP(Architecture of the Streaming Media Service Based-on Multicast and P2P)based on IPv6. It uses node joining identity authentication based on authentic IPv6 address which can effectively avoid hidden danger caused by anonymous login and further enhance the system security. A new mechanism of calculating hop count between nodes based on flow label in IPv6 header has been proposed to mitigate the mismatching problem between the logic P2P overlay topology and the underlying physical network topology.
Meanwhile, programs are classified according to prevalence degree and hot programs are transmitted by multicast. This can solve the problem of heavy network traffic caused by frequent data request and transfer of P2P nodes, and save network bandwidth greatly. The data block lost by multicast transmission and non-hot programs are transmitted by P2P mode. It realizes cooperation on streaming media data distribution between IPv6 multicast and P2P, and also guarantees the data integrity as well as improves the exchange speed.
Finally, simulation experiment is made on the performances of AMSMP, including the system scalability, reliability and end-to-end delay, the results show that the system architecture has better whole performance and practical value.
引文
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