摘要
体育,社会文明的一种标志,是人类社会文化生活不可缺少的组成部分。特别是国际的竞技体育,随着经济的发展和社会进步,愈来愈引起社会广泛的关注。如今,全球许多报纸的体育版往往能够占到整个报纸的近四分之一。可见,体育新闻在人们的文化生活中显得何等重要,体育新闻标题作为整个新闻的点睛之笔,有着显著的特色,如大量使用专业术语,结构简洁,多用省略等,而且蕴涵着丰富的文化背景知识。上述特点在一定程度上会有时给读者在阅读体育新闻标题时造成一些障碍,然而,对英语体育新闻标题的语言特点及翻译方面的研究仍不太完善,缺乏系统而全面的研究。鉴于此,本文以功能派的核心翻译理论、德国翻译家弗米尔提出的“目的论”以及诺德的“功能加忠诚”理论为基础,结合纽马克的语义翻译和交际翻译学说,同时吸收文体学、语用学等理论之长,尝试分析了英语体育新闻标题的语言特征及翻译的步骤及策略。
体育新闻标题的基本功能有四种,即信息、表达、美感和感召功能。体育标题翻译的首要目的是向目的语读者传递源语新闻的信息精华,最终目的是吸引读者继续阅读新闻。翻译目的的实现取决于各项功能在目的语翻译中的切实履行。基于四种功能,在体育新闻标题五步翻译过程中,译者应重新审视翻译过程,在众多翻译策略,如:直译、意译、工具型翻译、文献型翻译、语义翻译、交际翻译、编译等翻译策略中,选择最恰当的翻译策略,以实现信息的准确传递,文化的交流、美感的产生,并唤起读者的共鸣。总之,英语体育新闻标题翻译是在翻译目的论指导下对源语标题的再创造。
研究体育新闻标题的语言特征及翻译策略,目的是使得体育标题读者与作者得以充分的沟通,促进中西文化的交流,激发人们对体育运动的兴趣,从而使更多的人积极投入到体育运动中来,为2008年北京奥运会的召开创造更好的体育人文环境。
Sports, as one sign of social civilization, are an indispensable part of our social and cultural life. The development of global sports enjoys a universal attention, especially international sports games. Today, the sports section of some daily newspapers often makes up as much as one quarter of the whole. Sports news occupies a very important place in our daily life. Sports news headline, as the eye of the sports news, boasts its distinctive features, such as using a large number of terminologies, simple sentences and omissions, etc. Meanwhile, it requires certain cultural background knowledge to appreciate it. But a systemic and comprehensive analysis of the language of sports news headline has not been well attempted. In this view, based on functionalism and incorporating Peter Newmark's semantic translation and communicative translation strategies,by referring to the theories of stylistics, and some analytical methods of pragmatics, this paper firstly probes into the linguistic features of sports news headlines, and then analyzes the four basic functions of sports news headline: Referential, expressive, aesthetic and appellative.
The primary Skopos of sports news headline translations is to transfer essence of information to target readers and the ultimate Skopos is to entice them into reading news. The realization of Skopos depends on fulfillment of the functions in target language. In the light of the four functions, in the course of five-step-translation procedure, the translator should re-exam the original headline and adopt the most appropriate translation strategies accordingly, which include literal and free translation, instrumental and documentary translation, semantic and communicative translation, and adaptation. In a word, it is a process of recreation of the original text.
The skopos of this study is to promote the cultural communication between China and the rest world, and stir people’s enthusiasm to take part in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
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