摘要
无线传感器网络是当前在国际上备受关注的、应用前景十分广阔的前沿热点研究领域。它扩展了人们的信息获取能力,被广泛应用在军事国防、制造业、城市管理、医疗卫生、抢险救灾、危险区域远程控制、环境监测等领域。在无线传感器网络中,位置信息至关重要,在缺少位置信息的情况下,无线传感器网络获取的客观物理信息变得毫无意义。
本文一方面介绍了无线传感器网络的节点自定位技术,重点介绍了非基于测距的定位技术；归纳了定位技术的性能评价原则；根据这个原则比较了各个定位算法的性能,包括定位精度、定位范围、算法复杂度等。本文另一方面介绍了协作技术的原理、发展现状,协作定位的概念和分类,协作定位与传统定位的区别和优势、协作定位研究现状等。
本文把协作思想融入DV-Hop定位算法,提出了一种改进的DV-Hop算法,改进算法在原始DV-Hop算法的基础上引入了迭代协作技术,改进了原始DV-Hop定位算法中计算未知节点平均每跳距离的方法并制定了选择锚节点三角形的规则。大量仿真实验结果表明,改进的DV-Hop定位算法大大改善了原始DV-Hop定位算法的定位性能,具有更高的定位精度和更广的定位范围,并且在锚节点数量比较小、节点密度低和传播半径小的情况下,仍具有较好的定位性能。
最后本文总结了无线传感器网络的应用领域,展望了无线传感器网络定位技术的发展趋势。
Wireless sensor network is a pioneering research field which attracts much attention. It extends people's capability of getting information, it is widely used in military affairs, manufacturing industry, city management, medical treatment and public health, doing rescue and relief work, remote control of hazardous areas,environmental monitoring.The information of location is of great significance to wireless sensor network, without knowing the location of node, the sensored objective physical information is meaningless.
On the one hand, this paper introduces the self-localization of node in wireless sensor network, especially the range-free localization technology, summarizes the performance assessment principles for localization technology, assesses the performance of the localization algorithm in light of these principles,including the localization precision, localization scope, complexity of algorithm.On the other hand, this paper introduces the principle and development status of cooperation technology, the definition and classification of cooperative localization, the difference between cooperative localization and the traditional one, the advantage of cooperative localization, the research status of the cooperative localization.
In this paper, cooperative theory is introduced into DV-Hop localization algorithm, an improved DV-Hop algorithm is positioned. On the basis of the traditional algorithm, the improved one inducts iterative cooperation theory, improves the computation method in the traditional algorithm of the average distance per hop and lay down the principle for choosing the anchor node triangle.A large number of simulation results demonstrate that the improved DV-Hop algorithm improves the localization performance of the traditional algorithm a lot with a higher localization precision and a wider localization scope, the improved algorithm keeps a good performance even with a small amount of anchor nodes,low density of nodes and a small transmission radius.
At last, this paper summarizes the application fields of wireless sensor network and discusses the foreground of the location technology of wireless sensor network.
引文
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